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Case Report
Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak at the Clivus: Two Case Reports and Literature Review
DOI: 10.31031/TNN.2021.04.000583
Abstract
PDF
Full-Text
e-Pub
Spontaneous or non-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leaks comprise 5-10% of all CSF rhinorrhea. Generally,
CSF rhinorrhea occur at Cribriform plate, sella, sphenoid sinus and ethmoid air. Primary CSF rhinorrhea
from clival defect is extremely rare. We herein describe two cases of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea
through the clivus repaired with endoscopic endonasal trans sphenoid approach. Moreover, we collected
evidence in the literature regarding potential etiology, symptom and treatment (which occurred in the
case reported).
Short Communication
Torque Power and Angle Movement of the Shoulder Joint in Archery
Andrzej Kepczynski* and Michalina Blazkiewicz
DOI: 10.31031/TNN.2021.04.000582
According to the International Archery Federation (FITA), the shoulder problem in
archery is the most common disease [1]. As per the FITA Medical Committee, between 1993-
2001, the shoulder joint was the most frequently damaged joint (47%). They were chronic
lesions as the result of overstrain, not injures. So, the following questions are: 1. How is the
movement of the shoulder during the arch lift? 2. What torque power are generated during
this movement? 3. Can this data help answer the question of how shoulder dysfunction arises
in archery?
Opinion
Paradigm Shift in Dental Education due to COVID-19
DOI: 10.31031/MRD.2021.06.000634
The COVID-19 pandemic has taken the world by surprise. New norms were being explored
to curb the spread of the deathly virus. A typical pneumonia in Wuhan were unexpectedly
burst into new deadly viral disease [1]. The virus has not only significantly affected the people
health but also caused devastating effect on economy, social and education sector. In the
initial period of the COVID-19, government around the world have introduce a total lockdown
procedure for several months. People with or without COVID-19 symptom were advice to
stay at home and restricted their movement. For those who have been contacted by the
virus or suspected being infected were send for screening at health facilities. Individual with
positive result from the test were being send to a quarantine facility. P.....
Mini Review
Glaucoma Pressure Physiology: Need for Innovation
DOI: 10.31031/MSOR.2021.03.000558
Although there could be far greater critical remarks from patients and their caregivers, as a physicianscientist my commentary is intended for doctors and surgeons managing glaucoma to recognize the need
for greater attention toward the science of intra-ocular pressure. The physiological aspects touched upon
in this manuscript are influenced by neurology, vascular function and nutrient assimilation. There is not
one ocular tonometry method or commercial diagnostic instrumentation for glaucoma that adequately
includes effects of such physiological determinants of internal fluid eye pressure
Mini Review
Impact of Pandemic on Maintenance of Glycemic Control of People with T1DM in Brazil
Ana Paula FP*, Marcos SJ, Rosa SM and Thais Ferreira de PF
DOI: 10.31031/IOD.2021.05.000608
DM, a chronic disease with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Metabolic disorder, characterized by
hyperglycemia. There were impacts of social isolation on glycemic control of T1DM. Field research using
exploratory analysis criteria, quantitative characteristics. Collection by online questionnaire applied in
Brazil. Reduced physical activity, increased anxiety and stress. Initial hypothesis: negative impact on
glycemic control. The hypothesis was refuted, there was a predominance of positive interference in blood glucose.
Mini Review
Science and Cultural Heritage
DOI: 10.31031/NRS.2021.07.000664
The 1964 Venice Charter is a document of great international importance and has guided
different types of interventions with its definitions and criteria on cultural heritage. In Article
2 it is mentioned that “The conservation and restoration of monuments constitute a discipline
that makes use of all the sciences and techniques that can contribute to the study and
safeguarding of the monumental heritage [1].” This document states that at present, in addition
to the participation of the sciences, it is also necessary for various disciplines to participate.
The application of knowledge; methodologies and methods constitute an interdisciplinary
intervention, especially seeing that the contribution of each one of them, their competencies
and requirements, also clearly establishes .....
Research Article
Evaluation of One Immunochromographic Method for Identification Human Blood Meal Sources in Vectors of Chagas Disease
Zumaquero Rios JL*, Sarracent Perez J, Sandoval Ruiz C A and Ramos Ligonio A
DOI: 10.31031/APDV.2021.08.000687
Diseases transmitted by vectors have increased in recent years due to climate change and
other reasons, they are the cause of millions of deaths worldwide [1]. Trypanosoma cruzi is
the etiological agent of Chagas disease. It is transmitted by blood-sucking insects belonging to
the subfamily Triatominae, which is distributed in the American continent and includes 141
species in 15 genera [2]. These vectors vary in their role in the transmission of Chagas disease
to humans, due to their preference for ecotypes, wild or domestic. The cycle of T cruzi has been
considered an important problem to establish and design control and surveillance strategies
[3]. In this sense the determination of the feeding source in insects (blood-meal sources) is
essential to identify sources of infection .....
Opinion
Measures to Control Salmonella in Turkey Slaughterhouses
DOI: 10.31031/APDV.2021.08.000686
Salmonella is one of the main bacteria involved in food outbreaks, with sensible health
and economic consequences. Genus Salmonella includes two species, Salmonella enterica and
Salmonella bongori. S. enterica is the type specie and is further divided into six subspecies
that include more than 2500 serotypes. Poultry are one of the main reservoirs, spreading the
bacteria through faecal contamination. In 2018, 91.857 cases of salmonellosis were confirmed
in EU. 16.556 of those cases were hospitalized and 119 dead [1]. Spain was sixth in this
recording with 8730 cases. Regarding to the foods involved in food outbreaks by Salmonella,
the main and first source is turkey meat and their products, with a 7,74% of positives
Research Article
Self-Directed Learning Skills of Undergraduate Physiotherapy Students: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Isha Akulwar Tajane* and Annamma Varghese
DOI: 10.31031/EPMR.2021.03.000561
Self-Directed Learning (SDL) is an important form of adult learning and is at the core of
undergraduate medical education. SDL skills and technology readiness are postulated as integral factors
influencing individual behavior and academic performance in blended learning contexts. So far, the predominant instructor-led face-to face learning approach in traditional learning environments has not considered the importance of these factors. Recently, strict nationwide lock down for the COVID-19 closed
educational institutions and ushered in online learning to continue learning. Students are facing uncertainties in the online learning context and need to adjust or formulate their own best learning strategies
to suit this newly adopted model of ‘self-directed learning with technology’. Th.....
Research Article
A Study on Sildenafil Citrate in the Treatment of IUGR & Oligohydramnios
Jayati Nath*, Sarita Chaube, Neha Rani and Pahula Verma
DOI: 10.31031/IGRWH.2021.04.000581
Intra Uterine Growth Restriction is a challenge to clinicians all over the world because no definitive
treatment is available, and many empirical therapies are tried for treating the same. The present study
was a multi-centric hospital based prospective observational study conducted in three tertiary care
centers in Northern India on 200 patients with late onset IUGR and oligohydramnios. Sildenafil citrate
25mg 8 hourly was given till delivery. All the outcomes were noted and analyzed. After sildenafil therapy,
87 out 0f 90 patients with only IUGR, 35 out of 40 cases of oligohydramnios only and 64 out of 70 patients
with IUGR & oligohydramnios both had marked improvement & 14 cases showed no improvement. From
this study we concluded that adding sildenafil citrate in the treatment of.....
Mini Review
A Mini-Review on The Rehabilitation of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
DOI: 10.31031/EPMR.2021.03.000560
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a rare, severe, progressive genetic disorder causing disability and premature death. Mutations in the DMD gene encoding the dystrophin protein leads to the dystrophinopathies DMD. It affects approximately 1 in 3500 to 5000 male births worldwide. Rehabilitation
plays a critical role to overall management for individuals with DMD. A series of effective rehabilitation
management strategies have been developed in multidisciplinary groups lead to help maintain a better
patient’s Quality of Life (QOL), as well as maximize the patient’s physical and psychosocial functions. In
this mini-review, we discuss revised guidelines for DMD care (known as DMD Care Considerations).
Research Article
Elastic-Plastic Multi-Scale Finite Element Analysis of Fracture Test on 304 Stainless Steel Compact Tension Specimen
DOI: 10.31031/NRS.2021.07.000663
The elastic-plastic multi-scale finite element method is formulated and applied to the analysis of the
fracture test on compact tension specimen with 304 stainless steel. The calculation was carried out on
ABAQUS. The elastic-plastic stress field near the crack tip, and the plastic zone are first determined in
sufficient detail. The numerical results show that elastic-plastic stress singularity exists at the crack
tip. Then, the critical updated Mises stress intensity factors of compact tension specimen and middlecrack tension specimen with 304 stainless steel are determined by using the fracture test results of the
specimens. It is found that the magnitudes of these two critical updated Mises stress intensity factors
are related to the specimen and differ greatly, they cannot be reg.....
Research Article
Analysing the Behaviour of Copper OxideThermal Oil on Forced Convection and Pressure Drop in Upward and Downward Flow in Plain and Microfin Tube
Milad Jalali, Farhad Hekmatipour* and Vikash Agrawal*
DOI: 10.31031/RDMS.2021.15.000854
The effects of using copper oxide-thermal oil on convective heat transfer and pressure drop in a downward
flow in an inclined microfin tube are investigated experimentally in this research project. The flow regime
and wall temperature are laminar and constant, respectively. The effects of nanofluid, Graetz number,
Prandtl number, negative and positive inclination angles, on convective heat transfer augment moderately
as nanoparticles mass concentration increases. Correlations are advisable to anticipate Nusselt number
and Darcy friction factor in upward and downward single-phase flow in microfin tube under constant
wall temperature and laminar flow in inclined plain and finned tubes. The maximum aberration is lower
than 21% which is acceptable to predict experimental data. In this p.....
Mini Review
Hydration and Physical Activity
DOI: 10.31031/RISM.2020.07.000668
The importance of water homeostasis is extremely important. Maintaining hydration, the state of
preserving body water within its optimal homeostatic range, is essential to sustain life. Water is an
essential nutrient and contributes 50-70% of total body mass. An assessment of hydration during
physical activity can prevent dehydration, which impairs physical and cognitive performance. A 2% body
mass loss is a recognized threshold beyond which exercise dehydration impairs exercise performance.
Liquid needs for recreational sports and physical activity are individual and are rarely higher than 500ml
of hypotonic fluid per hour. If fluid requirements are low, concentrated sports drinks (providing energy
intake) can help sustain exercise performance. Overhydration could be dangerous and .....
Research Article
Outcomes of All Inside ACL Reconstruction Technique in Young Patients
Sana Ullah*, Waqas Haleem, Muhammad Waqar, Muhammad Saeed, Israr Ahmad and Mohammad Arif khan
DOI: 10.31031/OPROJ.2021.08.000682
The aim of this study is to assessthe functional outcomes fall-inside technique for Anterior Cruciate
Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) using semitendinosus autograft, in young patients group.
Method: 40 patients were included in our study, which had anterior cruciate ligament complete tear,
resulting in knee instability and pain, for which they underwent all-inside anterior cruciate ligament
reconstruction, in which semitendinosus autograft was used for reconstruction, with at least 1 year of
follow-up and minimum of 4 weeks of physiotherapy postoperatively.
Results: Early retune to work, load bearing along with subjective score were assessed. Mean VAS score
improved from 9.2 to 1.2, mean IKDC improved from 43 to 96 while Lysholm score improved from 62 to
96 in 16 months post-surgery.....
Perspective
Kinetics of Development of Covid19 and its Prediction Possibilities in the Case of a Small Statistical Set-The Case of Latvia
Andris Actins, Aldis Z and Lilian T*
DOI: 10.31031/TTEH.2021.02.000545
Introduction: Models of kinetics of development of COVID-19 are essential for prognosis and
preparedness of medical facilities for treating of patients.
Methods: We built a predictive model based on theoretical formulas for normal distribution and corrected
it based on real number of cases in Latvia. The process included two stages: (I) simple modelling for
distribution of cases without accounting for a state of emergency; (II) correction of the model for changes
due to a state of emergency and a real situation. A choice of model parameters was performed comparing
the real and the theoretical cumulative curves and based on the least sum of square. Considering in
addition the tiredness of people to follow a state of emergency rules, we modelled the cumulative number
of cases in Latv.....
Research Article
KNN Algorithm Based Particle Phase Recognition for Spaceborne Dual Frequency Radar
DOI: 10.31031/NRS.2021.07.000662
This paper analyzes the feasibility of recognizing the precipitation phase through simulating reflectivity
factor of particles with different phases at Ku and Ka band by the T-matrix method; and then uses
simulation results as true values to make phase recognition for different types of precipitation by the
KNN algorithm. According to the results, mixed phase particles in stratiform precipitation are partially
overlapped with other particles on the Ze
Ku
-DFR plane, for which the KNN model can reach an accuracy
rate up to 91%. Solid particles and liquid particles in convective precipitation are slightly overlapped on
the Ze
Ku-DFR plane, for which the KNN model can reach an accuracy rate up to 99%
Mini Review
Trends on the Mechanical and the Optical Properties of Papers Affected by the Inorganic Additives Determined by Ash on Ignition at 900 °C and a Thermodynamic Model Applied for their Tensile Strength
Chryssou Κ*, Stassinopoulou M and Lampi E
DOI: 10.31031/ACSR.2021.02.000540
The extremely rapid increase in the use of A4 and A3 photocopiers and printers in recent years and some
printing problems observed in them make it imperative to continue and intensify the controls carried out
on copy paper samples by the General Chemical State Laboratory in Greece. Samples of photocopy papers
were brought to the laboratory and their mechanical and optical properties were tested. The construction
of technical specifications in collaboration with other bodies of the public sector will continue to achieve
effective protection of the public and private sectors, and of the consumer public in general. Action should
be taken to inform those involved in the production, import and marketing of photocopier paper and
the consumer in particular about the requirements of the app.....
Opinion
Does Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Lower Limbs can be used to Treat of Patients with Type-2- Diabetes?
Ewa Kucio*, Cezary Kucio and Anna Polak
DOI: 10.31031/IOD.2021.05.000607
Regular physical activity is reported to be effective in treating the early forms of T2DM
and reducing the risk for cardiovascular complications [1,2]. Clinical trials [3,4] have
shown that physical activity has many benefits for patients with T2DM, such as changes in
metabolism, including increased insulin sensitivity, more efficient supply of insulin to the
tissues and improved glucose metabolism. There is also evidence that it keeps glucose levels
in the normal range when applied as part of a comprehensive diabetes treatment program [2].
Muscle glycogen usage during exercise increases glycogen synthase activity and carbohydrate
production, which improves aerobic capacity and skeletal muscle exercise tolerance [4].
However, some patients with T2DM and hemiplegia caused by a strok.....
Research Article
Soil Fertility Prediction Tool for Real-Time Precision Agriculture
DOI: 10.31031/MCDA.2021.08.000689
Latest advances in integrated micro systems, incorporating the latest sensor technology, will enable
affordable use of informatics in agriculture. This paper describes a method for a real-time prediction of
soil properties using a portable, low-cost sensor incorporating an integrated circuit for soil impedance
spectrometer. This new, application-specific integrated circuit was developed in our laboratory. The
described method considers different soil sample properties variations of macro nutrients such as
phosphorus, potassium and magnesium. The influence of machine learning parameters and soil
categories was studied to obtain the most accurate model to meet the farmers’ requirements for realtime soil analysis in an agricultural field. The system’s portability allows the sensor t.....
Opinion
Liquid Crystal Polymers: Novel Applications
Satendra Kumar and Rohit Verma*
Liquid crystals are extraordinary materials, and they are being utilized in every walk
of life ranging from mobile phone screens to large screen televisions to smart windows. In
this article, we briefly describe some of the novel applications of liquid crystal polymers.
Liquid Crystals (LCs) were first discovered by Austrian Botanist F. Reinitzer in 1888 when
he perceived the peculiar thermal behaviour of cholesteryl benzoate esters [1,2]. Since then
they find many applications in displays, adaptive optical interconnects, optical switches,
optical image processors, electro tunable lenses, spatial light modulators, lasers etc. [3].
Liquid crystalline state is a distinct state of matter observed between perfectly disordered
isotropic liquid and a completely ordered crystalline solid .....
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