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COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease)
Crimson extends its support to scientists, health workers, publishers, funders, policymakers, and government officials for their efforts in mitigating the impact of this global health crisis.
We encourage our authors to share their trusted information and analysis on COVID-19 diagnosis, treatment, prevention & further research.
We ensure that the latest research articles, collections, and commentaries are made available for open access on a fast-track basis.
Research Article
COVID-19 Reinfection without Vaccination Vs. with Vaccine: They are not Differentiated by Biological Factors, but by Psycho-Social Variables
Abstract
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Background: The clinical-epidemiological differences and their importance regarding public health
between cases of COVID-19 reinfection without vaccination and cases of COVID-19 reinfection with 1, 2
or 3 doses of vaccine are not known.
Objectives: To compare the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of the cases of COVID-19 reinfection
without vaccination with the cases of COVID-19 reinfection with 1, 2 or 3 doses of vaccine, to assess
whether there are differences in health utility applicable to clinical work in general medicine.
Methodology: An observational, longitudinal and prospective study of COVID-19 re-infections was
conducted from March 1, 2020, to July 1, 2022, in a general medicine office in Toledo, Spain.
Result: Eight cases of COVID-19 reinfection without vaccinati.....
Mini Review
Food Choice Motives Changes Caused by the Coronavirus Pandemic
Dimitris Skalkos* and Zoitsa C Kalyva
DOI: 10.31031/MCDA.2022.11.000763
The “coronavirus pandemic” is a global phenomenon and the agreement of experts that the virus will last
much longer and become endemic has affected all aspects of human life, including the consumption of
foods. Covid-19 is now a guide on how consumer habits are changing the way of thinking that leads to the final food choice. The current short communication explores the changes between individuals and families in food choices motivations in the post covid -19 era of the ten basic parameters: health, convenience, sensory appeal, nutritional quality, ethical concerns, weight control, mood and stress, familiarity, price, and shopping frequency behavior. The findings show that there was a significant increase in the online shopping, as well as more conservative household management by pu.....
Case Report
Septic Shock and Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Secondary to Covid-19 in Pediatric: A Case Report
Shirin Sarejloo*, Mohammad Reza Hatamnejad and Arzhang Naseri
DOI: 10.31031/AICS.2022.03.000566
Background: We report a patient who was a child and developed septic shock and severe acute
respiratory distress secondary to covid-19 infection to examine the cause of the changes and provide a
theoretical basis for shock management.
Case report: On April 9th, a 14-year-old Iranian boy, a known case of cerebral palsy and convulsion,
was admitted to a local hospital in a shocking state. On admission, his blood pressure was 88/54 mmHg,
respiratory rate was 32 breaths/min, pulse rate was 178 beats/min, body temperature was 39/5 c,
oxygen saturation was 66% but increased to 87% when she received 3-5liter oxygen from face mask;
physical examination showed intercostal retraction, decreased breathing sound in left side, delayed
capillary filling, cold extremities with a weak pulse. Acute.....
Mini Review
Lessons Learned from Pooled Testing of Covid-19
William J Berger*, Adam C Sales, Konrad R Dabrowski and Jake A Robinson
The Coronavirus pandemic set off a flurry of research and reports on a wide range of concerns for the
health sciences. One of these has been an interest in effective monitoring, tracing, and testing of the
disease on a mass scale. The acute and emergent nature of the crisis precipitated a need not only for
greater monitoring capacity, but one which could scale at a mass level and at a reduced cost. The reduction
of costs was crucial not only for greater efficiencies as capacity was taxed, but also for prevalence testing
in low income and developing countries. This paper offers a review of the pooled testing literature around
the Covid-19 pandemic, identifying developments in the field as well as paths forward for new variants
or future public health emergencies.
Review Article
Is D-dimer a Useful Predictive Marker for COVID-19 Severity
DOI: DOI: 10.31031/CJMI.2022.06.000628
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) presents with a large variety of clinical manifestations
ranging from asymptomatic carrier state to severe respiratory distress, multiple organ dysfunction
and death. While it was initially considered primarily a respiratory illness, rapidly accumulating data
suggests that COVID-19 results in a unique, profoundly prothrombotic milieu leading to both arterial and
venous thrombosis. Consistently, elevated D-dimer level has emerged as an independent risk factor for
poor outcomes, including death. The pathophysiology underlying the hyper-coagulation state is poorly
understood. However, a growing body of data suggests that the initial events occur in the lung. A severe
inflammatory response, originating in the alveoli, triggers a dysfunctional casc.....
Commentary
Patient Communication: Lessons from Covid
DOI: 10.31031/ACAM.2022.07.000659
The pandemic has offered many unexpected lessons besides the obvious one of needing to augment
essential worker preparedness and address urgent supply chain dilemmas throughout national and local
public health organizations. One of the most unexpected and valuable lessons was in the realm of patient
communication. This article offers lessons and insights from front-line public health nurses who adopted
novel approaches in patient communication to address problems with patient compliance regarding
masking, physical distancing and receiving vaccinations
Mini Review
Harmful Effect of Fake News on the Population and Nursing Staff Health During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review
Fernando Tadeu Serra* and Nathalia Petraconi
DOI: 10.31031/COJNH.2022.08.000677
The epidemiologic crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has shown that international and
regional health institutions are not prepared to identify, prevent, control, and treat a new
respiratory disease with high potential for contagion, morbidity, and mortality. The lack of
knowledge about Covid-19 mechanisms has led health authorities to adopt general measures
to control its spread, like masks use, distance and social isolation. The nation’s unpreparedness
to manage the pandemic has created uncertainties, fear, and panic in society. For this reason,
people have started to engage and share more information on their social media. This facilitated
the propagation of fake news, primarily about Covid-19’s dissemination, prevention, and
treatment. The damage caused by fake news disc.....
Opinion
COVID-19 “A Novel Great Imitator” and Its Cause-Effect Relationship on the Skin
DOI: 10.31031/RMES.2022.09.000724
The emergence of the new coronavirus in December 2019, the main actor in the current
COVID-19 pandemic and type 2 acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), initially
allowed elucidating the particular respiratory symptoms of the disease that regularly it
culminated in severe respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation and caused
death in a considerable percentage of those infected. Over time, other symptoms were
recognized, including the appearance of skin lesions. Initial reports of skin manifestations
were documented by Italian dermatologists, probably because Italy was the first European
country to be severely affected by the pandemic. The general clinical presentation, course,
and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children differ from that in adults. In studi.....
Review Article
Masculinities in the COVID-19 Era
DOI: 10.31031/TNN.2022.05.000607
Studies of groups with gender identity and immigration status have shown differences that determine
the quality of life and subjective well-being, but they have avoided the analysis and discussion of the
ideological systems behind each category. The axes of ideological discussion were established from
theoretical and conceptual frameworks related to multiculturalism, identity, and masculinity. A nonexperimental, documentary, and cross-sectional study was carried out with a non-probabilistic selection
of sources indexed to leading repositories in Latin America with ISSN and DOI registration from 2019
to 2021. The axes of discussion of ideological problems are circumscribed to multiculturalism as a
policy of exclusion of gender identities different from the masculine one which is assoc.....
Research Article
The New Norm of Anatomy Education to Medical Students amidst COVID-19
DOI: 10.31031/OARA.2022.02.000548
Background: Anatomy is the core knowledge of the preclinical curriculum for the training of medical
professionals. The school provides didactic pedagogy, including lectures, cadaveric dissections and
plastinated specimen examinations. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many face-to-face teaching activities
have been suspended in sudden, commencing early in 2020. It is a new normal response by substituting
the synchronous and asynchronous teaching and learning formats to comply with the social distancing
measures. There has been a pressing need to review eLearning tools’ potential in anatomy education. This
study investigates the sudden shift in anatomy learning methods both physical and remote contact during
such a new norm situation among medical students to evaluate and understand ho.....
Research Article
The New Norm of Anatomy Education to Medical Students amidst COVID-19
DOI: 10.31031/OARA.2022.02.000548
Background: Anatomy is the core knowledge of the preclinical curriculum for the training of medical
professionals. The school provides didactic pedagogy, including lectures, cadaveric dissections and
plastinated specimen examinations. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many face-to-face teaching activities
have been suspended in sudden, commencing early in 2020. It is a new normal response by substituting
the synchronous and asynchronous teaching and learning formats to comply with the social distancing
measures. There has been a pressing need to review eLearning tools’ potential in anatomy education. This
study investigates the sudden shift in anatomy learning methods both physical and remote contact during
such a new norm situation among medical students to evaluate and understand ho.....
Opinion
SARS-CoV-2: Complications after Recovering Covid-19 and its Precautions
Afsar S Pathan and Pankaj G Jain*
DOI: 10.31031/MAPP.2022.03.000551
COVID-19 is largely a viral infection of the respiratory tract caused by SARS-CoV-2. The
vast spectrum of clinical signs associated with the involvement of numerous organs in SARSCoV-2 patients is now considered a systemic infection due to the vast spectrum of clinical
signs associated with the involvement of numerous organs in SARS-CoV-2 patients. COVID19’s immediate consequences are well known and frequently associated with a greater risk
of death. However, delayed or long-term COVID-19 problems are becoming more prevalent
and are associated with greater morbidity
Research Article
What Is the Role of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Covid-19?
Pedro Ferraz Fernandes1*, Clara Gomes Madureira, Yasmin Cáfaro Abud1 and Ethel Zimberg Chehter2
DOI: 10.31031/GMR.2022.06.000650
Objective: To describe the role of Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms as a diagnosis and/or prognosis in
COVID-19.
Method: Narrative literature review performed in March 2020 following the PRISMA method.
Results: A total of 285 articles were found in Pubmed and Scielo databases, of which 260 were excluded,
25 analyzed in full and nine included in the review. Gastrointestinal symptoms are very prevalent,
present in 58.91% of surveyed patients. The most prevalent symptom was nausea, present in 34.41% of
patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, followed by vomiting (22.20%) and diarrhea (15.69%).
Conclusion: Considering the scarcity of information produced so far, was reached the conclusion that
the role of gastrointestinal symptoms as a diagnosis/prognosis in COVID-19 cannot be establish.....
Research Article
Use of Telemedicine During the Second Covid Pandemic Wave of October 2020 in a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Switzerland
Emmanuel Haefliger*, Philipp Suter, Gael Grandmaison and Daniel Hayoz
DOI: 10.31031/TTEH.2022.03.000562
Covid-19 posed major problems for health systems and hospitals, which suddenly had to deal with
significantly larger patient flows. Each hospital has responded differently, with telemedicine proving a
viable option. Patients were discharged earlier and further monitored by telemedicine; the emergency
departments used telemedicine as a triage tool, or consultations were conducted via telemedicine
applications. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study analyzing the satisfaction of telemedicine
follow-ups of COVID-19 positive patients discharged from hospitalization. Physicians followed up the 24
patients via telemedicine, and 21 questionnaires were completed and analyzed, based on the total of 55
performed consultations. In general, the patients were delighted with the follow-up.....
Review Article
Exposure To Ambient Nanoparticles And COVID-19 Infection
Epidemiological studies have shown that respiratory viral infections have been associated with air
pollutants exposure. So that, the increased incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality from
COVID-19 is related to exposure to urban air pollution. In addition, changes in meteorological parameters
have been involved in air pollution and the incidence and development of COVID-19. Although, the
molecular mechanisms by which exposure to air pollutants affects COVID-19 are still unknown and it is
not yet clear how the virus is transmitted from one sick person to another and why it is so transmissible.
Viruses can be probably transmitted through speech and exhalation aerosols. Findings show that SARSCoV-2 aerosol transmission is possible. Spike (S) proteins of SARS CoV-2 determine tiss.....
Opinion
Public Health, India and COVID 19
Public health has numerous definitions, but in its most basic form, it refers to improving
the health of a population through planned and coordinated community engagement. These
activities include contact tracing, health awareness, vaccine delivery, and other COVID-19-
related activities in which health professionals are actively involved. Another perspective is
more intellectual and is best described by the term “population health.” It is a phrase used
to describe a population’s health state. The goal of public health, in this case, is to capture
and portray a population’s health status as determined by current indicators. The term
“population health”
Opinion
Acute Microangiopathy: Key Piece in Covid-19: Acute, Sub-Acute and Chronic
DOI: 10.31031/SMOAJ.2022.04.000598
We know that COVID-19 and its causal agent, SARS-CoV-2, have caused unprecedented
morbidity and mortality since 2019, not only in its acute form, but also in its subacute and
chronic forms. Where the cellular and endothelial damage, caused by the dysregulation of the
immune response, with the production of a cytokine storm, and a pro-coagulant state induced
by the virus, favor the development of sequelae, within which we can list an endless number:
fatigue, precordial pain, cognitive, cardiac, digestive disorders, etc. that reduce the quality of
life of patients [1]. We have learned and unlearned a lot during all this time and originally
COVID-19 was considered a respiratory disease, today we know that it is a systemic disease,
where endothelial damage is a key piece: this endothel.....
Research Article
Pulmonary Thromboembolic Disease in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients on CT Pulmonary Angiography-Prevalence, Pattern of Disease and Relationship to CT Scan Severity Score (CTSS)
Ramezan Jafari, Fatemeh Dehghanpoor* and Fatemeh Salmanzadegan
Aims: Covid 19 is a multisystem disease that varies from mild to very severe and is fatal in different
individuals. The exact cause of the deterioration of the disease in some people is not completely known,
but various studies have shown that the risk of venous arterial embolism is higher in these patients for
various reasons, and one of the reasons that worsen the clinical course and increases mortality in these
patients, Pulmonary Emboli (PE). Due to the non-specific and non-diagnostic nature of clinical signs and
laboratory tests (d-dimer) for the diagnosis of PE in patients with covid-19 and also the non-specificity of
the findings in contrast-free CT, there is a possibility of delay in the diagnosis of PE. Since early detection
of PE treatment and prevention of PE in high-risk.....
Review Article
The Relationship of Hematological Disorders in SARS-CoV-2 Patients with Intensive Care Needs and Survival
Habip Gedik*, Bilgehan Irmak and Osman Yokus
DOI: 10.31031/CJMI.2022.05.000622
Objective: It was aimed to retrospectively examine the clinical and survival results of patients who were
consulted with the hematology clinic due to hematological disorders related to severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Materials and methods: In this study, the data of patients who were hospitalized and consulted to the
hematology clinic due to hematological disorders related to COVID-19 infection diagnosed by radiological
findings and/or PCR results in the Ministry of Health Istanbul Training and Research Hospital between
May 21, 2020, and April 1, 2020, were evaluated, retrospectively.
Results: Of the 48 patients evaluated in the study, 25 (52%) were female and 29 (60%) were 60 years old
and above. Leukocytosis in 5(10%) patients, leukopenia in 19 (39%).....
Short Communication
Rapid and Sensitive SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Saliva Samples; Basis for a High Throughput Screening
We used a commercially available colorimetric enzyme mix to perform Reverse Transcribed LoopMediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) for detecting SARS-CoV-2 on saliva samples without a
previous RNA purification step. We describe our optimization of the LAMP assay that enabled simple, fast
and sensitive detection in any saliva sample. Adding Chelex-100 and SDS to saliva samples, we achieved
97% efficiency in the detection of SARS-Cov-2 with spike-in saliva samples and 100% in a small sample of
saliva from infected patients. This method is meant to be the basis for high throughput screening, as well as a feasible and cheap method for any laboratory
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