Digitization of Corruption Through Authorization Management-Why Disinformation Is Harmful to Science and Constitutes Violence

Medical resource inequality is a systematic and power structural problem. Capital management always emphasizes on the infrastructural facilities, and changes the concept of liquidity and availability with fixed assets in control of the power [1]. The substantial and real medical resource inequality in mainland China has been the two-tier system, or more specifically in the local context, “tribute medicine” (specialty drug) and “tribute supplies” (special offer) under the disguise of Reform and Opening with Chinese characteristics [1]. The dual-track price system (two-track system) is a modern manifestation of the ancient tribute system in a Sino-centric imperial order, and uses the capitalist system to defeat capitalism [2].

The dual-track price system is the source of the Chinese power interest and not the source of corruption. The dual-track price system is a continuum from the supply-side hijacking strategy of the Communist Party of China (CPC) set by Mao Zedong, which successfully bankrupted the Kuomintang (KMT) and Republic of China’s economy and economic system during the civil war in mainland [3]. The differential treatment is not exclusive to foreign persons, but more the important to the treatment of the domestic civil society in order to erect the sustainable power hierarchy. The behavioral patterns have been more efficiently implemented with the digitization of public health system, currency, and economy

Disinformation is rational deceit. Disinformation is distinguished from unintentional misinformation, and can be considered as the source of social harm [4,5]. The terrorist and criminalistic nature of disinformation is only recently realized by the wider communities with the global spread of COVID-19 [6], and its lasting impact is still ongoing. The research takes a philosophy of science perspective to the criminalistic harms of disinformation. Social science is predominantly quantitative, and so is the quantitative approach’s significance to the natural science. Statistical analyses are the main methods in quantitative researches, and the meta-analysis demonstrates how a single piece of disinformation can undermine the scientific methods.

Sampling bias and compromised data in statistics terrorize democratic decision mechanisms, and mixed method approaches have become a remedy for metascientific corrections [7,8]. Even though science can correct itself by the emergence of truths, significant public interests are lost with the lives irreversibly demised. Infrastructures of the information age are the utilities of globalization, and the trust system in informatics does not only involve the military operations, but also the civil society and human security [9]. Pursuant to the spirit of the Geneva Conventions, the research argues that systematic disinformation constitutes violence, terrorism, and relevant criminal activities.

Mathematical framework

Three major disruptions to the scientific approach are summarized in statistical testing.
A. Minor disinformation can stall statistical sampling cycles by factors asymmetric to error insertion;
B. Consistent disinformation can trigger Type I errors and disrupt the evidence chain;
C. Even when Type II error can be avoided from disinformation, decision advantages from the scientific approach can be eliminated.

A statistical test with 80% power level has at most 20% fault tolerance. The fault tolerance is a natural advantage to disinformation operations. In a negative sum game, a 25% advantage ratio exists as long as disinformation surpasses the fault tolerance threshold. Therefore, the attacking the weakest link gives the most cost-efficient result in negative sum games.

Disinformation strategies do not necessarily have to be negative sum. Given the interests behind the null hypothesis of any research or decision-making, paralyzing the validities of null hypothesis can be of immense interests to the intruders depending on the information asymmetry. The example persists with the U.S.’s COVID-19 origins investigations, where the statistics of the 2002-2003 SARS death tolls are still unquestioned [10].

COVID-19 is a typical example of Type II error spread globally, and the consequences are evidenced to be more severe than a Type I error being sustained by disinformation [3]. The result of such an operation can be expressed as:

which means the harmonic series times infinity [11]. And the truth values in binary forms can thus become:

Which means, contrary to the popular beliefs of truth emergence in science, the truths can be forever hidden by disinformation [12]. As long as disinformation persists, all security systems can remain as von Neumann ordinals.

Social surveys

There’re only limited circulation of medicines in the Chinese public health system. Even though it was alleged that there was assuage in healthcare resource distribution regionally in Shanghai between 2010 and 2016, without the accounting for overissuing of macromoney and the effects from dual-track price system, the data interpretations merely from hospital statistics can be at most biased with Type II error if real economic purchasing power parity was not accounted for [3]. It is apparent that the Chinese policymakers have not been taking the interests of public health into account in Paxlovid availability with the price and manufacturing negotiations, apart from the information that PRC imported in bulk hydroxychloroquine in 2018 and 2019 with no local hospital even seeing the trace of the supplies [3].

In the military lockdowns in Wuhan in late 2019, the only partially effective medicine transfused to the persons under forced quarantines was γ-globulin. Why did the Chinese whistleblower have to voice through social media when the digitization coverage in the PRC public health system has been well-developed? The disease control report is supposedly to cover all areas of the country in real-time since 2004 with web-based designs, yet the social media leak of the epidemic information only invited admonition in the local police station to the whistle-blower [13]. Doctor Wenliang Li had the authorization to report to the system, but not the authorization to distribute the information pipeline for decisions. Even the very act of informing the public in critical public health emergency became the taboo for ethical conducts of medical professionals. Digitization of the public health system has not been serving the public health purposes in PRC, but only the monopolization of medical information [3]. The obstruction on the World Health Organization’s issuing of global public health emergency has falsified any possibilities of misinformation or unpurposed mistakes in the action chains [3]. Technologies are only as good as those who designed them and as good as those who use them. The authorization system in the Chinese public health digitization infrastructures has been evidenced to be designed and utilized against the interests of public health with the immense public costs. The multiplex technology and its usage in the public health digitization schemes in PRC raise profound questions on the real purposes and adverse impacts on the institutional determinants of health.

Within the clinical ethics framework of beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice, justice can be the most critical element in the ethical considerations. The capstone in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is set at the beginning that “all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights”, and so is the right to health. Systematic intrusions and derogations to the free and equal clause are the attacks to the professional ethics. What has been taking place with the public health administrative system is the unprecedented harms to the autonomy of the medical professionals as well as those in need of the professionals’ care [3]. From the objective criteria of justice, the impact on mass mental & psychological health from the public health system intrusions by illicit administrative means against the missions and purposes of public health is no more than the de facto injustice imposed on a massive scale.

Whereas the transgressors are autonomous, their autonomies based on the harms to others’ freedoms are the sources of the injustice taking place, willfully, purposefully, and knowingly. With the beneficence principle and nonmaleficence practice, the transgressors’ anthropological psychology may have been playing a critical role behind the systematic conducts. However, there is never real remedies for injustice in terms of right to health, especially considering critical and severe public health emergencies. The disinformation on the real death tolls in the 2002-2003 SARS-CoV outbreak by the PRC before the digitization trends has substantially contributed to the unawareness and unpreparedness for SARSCoV- 2 [3]. From the simplest and most subtle harms, the Chinese hospital systems have lowered the international standard of absolute basophil count and percentage to 0, and it is not currently clear if such changes were made before or after COVID-19 [3].

The alterations of medical examination parameters can misguide neophytes and deceive patients in medicare and self-care, lowering the self-awareness of the patients with disinformation. How can anyone move forward under such institutionalized and systematic crimes? It is relatively a relief that the medical professionals have still been reporting the laboratory results faithfully, even when the systems have been “making a point”. Living up to the clinical ethics, extra cognitive burdens and cautions are inevitable for the professionals in such a battlefield against public health injustice.

Job-related stress is the new normalcy for the medical professionals in mainland China. The cognitive burdens the medical professionals face are the personal well-being they have to look after themselves for in the job environment, if they choose to adhere to their professional ethics. The circumstances not only do not favor their human potentials nor capabilities, but also pose personal security threats if their righteous minds surpassed the limits the Chinese power has imposed on them [14]. Their cautions not only have to do with their work, but also their care for the patients. No matter how advanced the equipment are in the hospitals, without appropriate medicines, there is nothing the best doctor in the world can do.

Common strategies experienced doctors have applied are:
a) advices for nutrition and diets that contain the treatment substances;
b) prescribing highly priced medical products produced by interested parties of the public health system in PRC that contain minor effective supplementary ingredients, such as a gastrodia elata extracted medicine that contain Povidone K30 for the prevention of neurological infection from COVID-19;
c) prescribing medicines available according to the patients’ pathogens but only leave traces of medicine instructed labeled symptoms in the digitized case system;
d) give information of alternative solutions and effective medicines to the patients and ask them to find a way to obtain the necessary, etc.

The research has evidenced the military intentions behind global disinformation. The loss of and harms on the civil society from mass disinformation is a result from military operations and the Geneva Conventions are applicable. Disinformation renews the definitions of terrorism. Terrorism has always been perceived as physical evidence, whereas cybercrimes as psychological harms [15]. Such case-based political and legal perceptions and definitions largely resulted from the ignorance on the mass psychological effects’ detrimental harms to democratic decisions and democratic justice. The violence originated from the terrorist activities do not directly exert physical attacks, but the results are no less detrimental to human security.

The phenomenon of digitization in PRC has been a tip of iceberg in the global derogations in the institutional determinants of health. The deep origins are not technological, but technological upgrades have exacerbated the organizational crises. Differential treatment by hierarchical personal power with public resources is the essence of power with Chinese characteristics. Its digitized incentives in the global capitalist economy are the sources of the spillover effects in the global public health systems and institutions. The KMT used to have a dilemma between “dealing with the exterior (foreign affairs) crises first or dealing with the interior (national) crises first” amongst the civil war and World War II with the CPC. Now, the same question is forwarded to the world not with a visible warfare, but with consequentially more death tolls from the World Wars.

Yang I. Pachankis thanks the individuals involved in the researches with the limited capacities of social self-corrections under the circumstances. YIP thanks the Crimson Publisher’s grant in publishing the article Open Access.

The data collected from the research are not publicly shared for concerns in retribution to the sources. Some of the data materials are on privately owned social media, such as Twitter, by the sources’ personal accounts.

Yang I. Pachankis receives royalties for the book Questions of COVID- 19: Institutional Derogations of Global Health from Lambert Academic Publishing with non-exclusive copyright authorization to the publisher. YIP has a patent on medicine-induced hemodialysis pending with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. YIP started human rights orientated research since 2010. He was targeted by the PRC state-sponsored human trafficking and experienced mental, psychological, and financial harms before the COVID-19 initial outbreak. Before the publication of the research, YIP was asked to the local police station for interrogation without proper documents or legit reasons. The officers admitted that they received orders from their superiors to interrogate YIP. With the precedence of the whistle-blower, after they got to know about YIP’s consistent research on COVID-19 public health and vaccination poisoning consequences, without changing the computer document’s title in the public office computer system, they changed the signing document’s title from “interrogation” to “enquiry”. YIP has applied for naturalization overseas with the U.S. government.

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