Abstract

Biopolymers derived from renewable biomaterials have attracted widespread attention as sustainable alternatives to traditional synthetic polymers in textile applications. Their versatility spans fiber production, textile finishing, and functional coatings, in line with the growing demand for environmentally friendly materials and circular economy strategies. This summary explores the main classes of biopolymers including polysaccharides (e.g., cellulose, chitosan), proteins (e.g., silk, keratin), and polyesters (e.g., polylactic acid) and highlights their unique properties, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, and effective moisture control. Integrating biopolymers into textile production can reduce environmental impact and enable the creation of advanced, multifunctional textiles for medical, protective, and smart applications. The discussion also touches on current challenges, such as limited processability, mechanical properties, and scalability, as well as recent advances in material modification and composite material development. Finally, this review emphasizes the important role of biopolymers in driving sustainability and innovation in the textile industry.