Abstract

Known for their unique properties such as remarkably less thermal conductivity, great porosity, and minimal dielectric constant, aerogels are gaining attention for various applications, particularly in textiles. Silica aerogels, notable for their outstanding thermal insulation capabilities, offer potential improvements over traditional insulation materials due to their low density and high thermal and acoustic insulation performance. The sol-gel process, involving the hydrolysis and condensation of silicon alkoxides, is used to synthesize silica aerogels, followed by supercritical drying to preserve their porous structure. Recent advancements have explored incorporating silica aerogels into textiles and fibers to enhance their thermal insulation while addressing challenges related to durability and cost. Methods such as wet reaction spinning, coaxial wet-spinning, and electrospinning have been performed to produce aerogel fibers with varying properties. For instance, silica aerogel fibers have been used in composite fabrics to improve flexibility and mechanical strength, while maintaining high insulation performance. Coating textiles with silica aerogel has also been investigated to create lightweight, high-performance thermal insulation for apparel. Additionally, silica aerogel blankets, produced by integrating aerogels into fibrous substrates, provide effective insulation for industrial and aerospace applications. Recent studies further highlight advances in producing silica aerogel-based fabrics with tailored properties for specific applications, such as heat protection and moisture management. Overall, the ongoing research aims to optimize aerogel materials for broader use in textiles and protective clothing, addressing both performance and cost-efficiency challenges.

Keywords:Silica aerogel; Textiles; Sol-gel process; Thermal insulation; Filament; Coating