Abstract

The mechanical properties of cubic metals are strongly influenced by temperature and the presence of lattice defects, which play a critical role in determining their structural stability and performance. This review focuses on the application of the Embedded Atom Method (EAM) to investigate the effects of temperature variation and defects such as vacancies, dislocations and grain boundaries on Face-Cantered Cubic (FCC) and Body-Cantered Cubic (BCC) metals. EAM-based simulations provide atomistic insights into changes in elastic constants, yield strength and deformation mechanisms under different thermal conditions. The study highlights how increasing temperature generally reduces strength and stiffness, while defects significantly alter plastic behaviour and failure mechanisms. Furthermore, the review discusses recent advancements in computational modelling techniques for accurately predicting material behaviour. This work in the result emphasizes the importance of combining temperature effects and defect analysis to better understand and design cubic metals for advanced engineering applications.indings indicate that conventional grey cast iron phase diagrams may not describe all stages of cooling.

Keywords: Embedded Atom Method (EAM); Cubic metals; Mechanical properties; Temperature effects; Crystal defects; Atomistic simulation

List of abbreviations: ρ (Rho): Electron Density; φ (Phi): Pair Potential; EAM: Embedded Atom Method; FCC: Face-Centered Cubic; BCC: Body-Centered Cubic; MD: Molecular Dynamics; TEM: Transmission Electron Microscopy; DFT: Density Functional Theory; HV: Vickers Hardness; σ_y: Yield Strength; ρ: Electron Density; φ: Pair Potential