Abstract

Pasteuria penetrans is an obligatory bacterial parasite of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and represents a promising biological control agent in sustainable agriculture. A series of studies conducted by Vagelas and co-authors has systematically investigated the statistical modeling, behavioral dynamics and biological efficacy of P. penetrans endospore attachment to second-stage juveniles (J2s). This body of research integrates over dispersed count data analysis, zero-inflated modeling, Markov chain dynamics and in planta validation to elucidate how spore adhesion impairs nematode mobility and infectivity. This review synthesizes the key findings and methodological innovations of Vagelas et al.’s work, offering a predictive framework for the strategic deployment of P. penetrans in sustainable nematode management.

Keywords:Pasteuria penetrans; Obligate endo parasitic bacterium; Spore-forming unculturable microorganism; Biological control; Over dispersed count data; Zero-inflated models; Markov chain modeling; Spore attachment thresholds; Sustainable nematode management