Abstract

This study investigates the impact of heating rate and state of charge (SoC) on thermal runaway in pouch Li-ion battery cells. Thermal runaway is a critical safety concern in Li-ion batteries, leading to catastrophic failure and potential hazards. By systematically varying the heating rates and SoC levels, we analyse the onset temperatures, reaction kinetics and the severity of thermal runaway events. Our findings indicate that higher heating rates accelerate the onset of thermal runaway, reducing the reaction time and increasing the severity of thermal events. Additionally, cells at higher SoC levels exhibit lower onset temperatures and more violent thermal runaway reactions due to increased stored energy and electrolyte decomposition. These results highlight the importance of controlling heating rates and SoC to enhance the safety and stability of Li-ion battery systems. The provides valuable insights for the development of safer battery management systems and thermal safety protocols.

Keywords:Biocatalysis; CO₂Thermal runaway; Heating rate; State of charge (SoC); Li-ion battery; Pouch cells