Abstract

Bone is one of the critical tissues which undergoes a self-healing and regeneration process during minor damage. The regeneration capabilities of bone may create an interest in the research for encountering the large defects using biomaterials derived scaffold. Scaffold can support the cells growth, proliferation and differentiation that subsequently improves the healing rate. The selection of biomaterials with appropriately designed scaffold is desirable to advance orthopedic surgery and improve patient quality. Different types of biomaterials have been used in repairing the defective bone tissue. Ceramic materials are most promising due to their mimic the native bone tissue. Natural and synthetic polymers have recently been used in bone tissue engineering to improve scaffold performance. Polymers are suitable for sustained the release of drugs and growths factor to influence osteoinduction. Metallic implants are another type of biomaterial that replace the damaged bone or support the fractured bone during the healing process. Appropriate surface coating tailored to the metal improves the bonding between the native bones. Clinically proper biomaterials selection is challenging to support bone growth. In this review article, we highlight the biomaterials frequently applied in bone tissue engineering, and overview their properties in terms of cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, we discuss the current challenges and limitations of biomaterials in orthopedic applications.

Keywords: Regeneration; Biomaterials; Scaffold; Ceramic; Metal; Polymer

Keywords:PCL: Poly(ԑ-Caprolacatone); BCP: Biphasic Calcium Phosphate; PLLA: Poly(L-Lactic Acid); PLGA: Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid)