Abstract

Neurological disorders include a wide range of ailments that impact both the central and peripheral nervous systems; neurodegenerative disorders, which are characterized by neuron loss, include Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, as well as epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. These illnesses cause considerable problems because of their various presentations and complex underlying mechanisms. the neurological mechanisms that underpin illnesses, focusing on neural communication, neurotransmission, neuroplasticity, neurodevelopment, neuroinflammation, neuroendocrinology, and neurovascular coupling. Understanding these pathways is critical for determining illness pathophysiology and designing effective therapies. Understanding paraneoplastic neurological disorders, brain metastases, primary brain tumors, neurological side effects of cancer treatment, and the developing area of neuro-oncology. Recognizing and addressing neurological problems in cancer patients is critical for improving their prognosis and quality of life. Although numerous medications are currently approved to treat neurodegenerative illnesses, the vast majority of them simply address accompanying symptoms. The absence of pathogenesis-targeting therapeutics is primarily owing to the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), which keeps nearly 99% of all foreign chemicals out of the brain.

Keywords:Dementia; Alzheimer’s disease; Parkinson’s disease; Disorientation