Abstract

Background: Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy among Sudanese men and frequently presents at an advanced stage. However, data on its clinicopathological characteristics and management in Sudan remain limited.
Objective: To evaluate the demographic and clinical characteristics, histopathological findings, disease stage, metastatic patterns, and treatment modalities among patients with prostate cancer managed at the Tumor Therapy and Cancer Research Center (TTCRC), Shendi, Sudan.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with histo-pathologically confirmed prostate cancer managed at TTCRC between January 2016 and December 2021. Of 111 identified patients, 88 with sufficiently complete records were included in the final analysis. Data were extracted from medical records using a standardized form and analyzed using SPSS.
Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 71.7 years. Illiteracy (51.1%) and farming (40.9%) were common. Lower urinary tract symptoms were the most frequent presenting complaint (73.9%), followed by urinary retention (63.6%) and burning micturition (59.1%). Most patients presented with advanced disease, with distant metastases in 84.1%. Gleason scores of 8–10 were reported in 67.0%, while 62.5% had PSA levels >100ng/mL. Bone was the predominant metastatic site (81.1%). Hormonal therapy combined with chemotherapy was the most frequently used treatment modality (31.8%).
Conclusion: Prostate cancer patients at this specialized center commonly presented with advanced disease, high PSA levels, high Gleason scores, and extensive bone metastases. These findings highlight the need for earlier diagnosis, strengthened referral pathways, and improved access to specialized cancer care in Sudan.

Keywords:Prostate cancer; Metastatic prostate cancer; Prostate-specific antigen; Gleason score; Bone metastasis; Sudan