Abstract

Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease (PTLD) is a well-known complication following transplantation. Its estimated incidence is 2.5% at 1 year after bone marrow transplantation [1,2]. PTLD consists of excessive (most frequently B) lymphocyte proliferation in immunosuppressed patients. Most cases are associated with primary EBV infection and occur within the first year after transplantation. Staging ranges from plasmocytic hyperplasia to lymphoma. PTLD can be potentially fatal and treatment is based on reduced immunosuppression, antiviral therapies, B cell proliferation blockers, chemotherapy and most recently T-cell therapies [1,3]. We present the case of an 18-year-old young man, who presented with a 48-hour history of low-grade fever, anorexia, abdominal discomfort and vomiting. In 2011 he had been diagnosed with acute T cell lymphoblastic leukaemia, which was treated with chemotherapy.