Abstract

In last few years scientists observed the development of procedures and markers for embryonic stem cell characterization. These contain the identification of parameters for optimal chimera and fish homologs/paralogs of mammalian pluripotency genes and their formation. In this concern, fish models as lower vertebrates represent a significant reference to study the conserved mechanisms underlying self-renewal and differentiation process. Additionally, several fish germ cell cultures and transplantation have fascinated significant attention for germline transmission and surrogate production. For a Future prospectus, the analyses of transcriptomes and proteomes of fish stem cells of various origins will provide significant information for stem cell applications and research.

Keywords: Embryonic stern (ES) cell; Gene targeting; Germ cell; Zebra fish; Pluripotency; Characterization; Semi-cloning