Abstract

This study examined the relationships between atmospheric visibility and key meteorological parameters, including Atmospheric Temperature, Relative Humidity (RH), Wind Speed, Wind Direction, and PM2.5 concentrations across three time periods: morning, afternoon, and evening. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses provided important insights into visibility dynamics. A strong negative correlation was consistently observed between visibility and relative humidity, particularly when RH exceeded 70%, resulting in significantly reduced visibility levels. Similarly, visibility showed a strong negative relationship with PM_2.5 concentrations, confirming the detrimental impact of particulate matter on atmospheric clarity. In contrast, atmospheric temperature exhibited a generally positive correlation with visibility, indicating improved conditions with rising temperatures. The association between visibility and wind speed was more complex; however, higher wind speeds often promoted aerosol dispersion, contributing to better visibility. Additionally, analysis of wind direction categorized into cardinal points revealed notable differences in average visibility depending on air mass origin, suggesting regional influences on atmospheric conditions. Visibility showed a strong negative relationship with PM₂.₅ concentrations, confirming the detrimental impact of particulate matter on atmospheric clarity. Elevated PM₂.₅ levels not only reduce visibility but also contribute significantly to environmental degradation, atmospheric pollution, radiative imbalance, and adverse human health effects. These findings highlight the importance of continuous air quality monitoring and effective pollution mitigation strategies to minimize environmental and public health risks associated with fine particulate matter. Overall, the results identify relative humidity, PM2.5 concentrations, and temperature as primary drivers of visibility variability, with wind dynamics playing a secondary but important role throughout the day. .

Keywords:Visibility; Relative humidity; PM₂.₅; Light extinction coefficient