Abstract

The rapid growth of the global population and the reduction in arable land have produced the need for innovative solutions to optimize agriculture operations. In this direction, agricultural robotics has emerged as a promising technology applied to precision agriculture to efficient solutions that can be applied to agricultural tasks. The review of this contribution analyzes the recent developments in agricultural robotics and their integration with artificial intelligence and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The main applications of agricultural robots-from soil preparation to harvesting-are categorized and discussed, referencing representative research and technological trends. In addition, this work outlines current challenges robotic systems face in dynamic and unstructured agricultural environments and identifies opportunities for future research, including the advancement of AI algorithms, modular platforms, and cost-effective robotic designs. This review aims to support researchers and practitioners in understanding the evolving landscape of agricultural robotics and its potential to reshape modern agriculture.

Keywords:Agricultural robots; Precision agriculture; Artificial intelligence