Abstract

Background: Azithromycin is an amoxicillin antibiotic that has been widely used in the treatment of respiratory tract infections due to its broad-spectrum activity, favorable pharmacokinetics and immunomodulatory properties.
Objective: To evaluate the in vitro sensitivity of common respiratory tract pathogens to Azithromycin.
Methodology: This is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in Shendi City, Sudan, from January to February 2025, at the Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences at Shendi University. A total of 30 sputum samples were collected, from which fourteen strains of pathogenic grampositive bacteria and two strains of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria were isolated and identified using Gram stain and biochemical tests.
Results: Of the 30 clinical specimens, Staphylococcus aureus was confirmed in 6 (60%), Streptococcus pyogenes in 2 (20%), Klebsiella pneumoniae in 1 (10%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 1 (10%). Azithromycin demonstrated remarkable antimicrobial activity against all gram-positive bacteria and one of the gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), which showed intermediate sensitivity.
Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that Azithromycin can be used as an antibacterial agent against gram-positive bacterial strains.

Keywords: Antimicrobial; Azithromycin; Gram-positive bacteria; Respiratory tract infection