Abstract

India’s growing energy demands have intensified the strategic significance of uranium as a fuel for its expanding nuclear power program. This paper explores the key aspects of mining and mineral science related to nuclear fuel production in India, including geological occurrence, exploration techniques, mining methodologies, and beneficiation processes. The focus is on sandstone-type and unconformity-related nuclear fuel deposits predominantly found in Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, and Meghalaya. Advancements in radiometric surveying, drilling technologies, and leaching are also analysed. The role of the Uranium Corporation of India Ltd. (UCIL) in driving indigenous uranium supply and the environmental challenges associated with mineral ore mining are discussed. The paper highlights the need for sustainable practices, regulatory reforms, and technological innovation to enhance nuclear fuel recovery while minimizing ecological impact. These insights support policy frameworks and research directions for efficient, eco-friendly nuclear fuel production in India.

Keywords:Nuclear fuel mining; India; Nuclear energy; In-situ leaching; Mineral exploration; Sustainable extraction