Abstract

In conventional physics, matter formation begins with the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). A new concept proposes a system for forming the fundamental components of matter based on Planck’s length at the most basic level. A novel min-max formula is introduced to control the size of the formed body and prevent successive and excessive growth. Two new statistical parameters have been found, where the first has the same value as the fine structure constant (α ) in conventional physics, and the second (β )represents the minimal construction base unit value. The quark and gluon masses were precisely determined, and the mathematical calculations suggest that the electron and proton are hollow bodies rather than solid. New unconventional structures clarify the mass difference between the neutron and proton, and the force analyses of both show that the quarks’ charges are the sole reason for isotopes, whether in terms of numbers or stability. The primary dimensions of the universe’s block mass are determined, and the multiverse reality is mathematically proved, and the number of universes is finite rather than infinite.

Keywords:Particle formation, Proton structure, Neutron structure, Electron velocity, Universe and multiverse, Atomic number and isotopes, Critical density

Symbols: C. A = Complete annihilation; C. M = Complete merging; Ch = Charge; d = Down quark; e = electron; f.u = Force unit; F = Force; g = Gluon; L = length; ly = Light year; m.f = Moment unit; M = Mass; N = Neutron, Number; P = Proton; P. A = Partial annihilation; R= Radius; t = Thickness; u = Upper quark; v = Velocity; V = Volume, Value

Latin
α = The control breeding factor (1/137).
β = The minimal construction base unit value (0.2268 or 1)
Δ = Neutron-Proton mass difference
ρ = Density

Suffix: atr = Attraction; c = Cylinder; cb = Cube; co = Cone; h = Horizontal; sh = Half sphere; ch = Half cylinder; cho = Oblique half cylinder; e = Electron; ep = Equilateral prism; p = Proton; pl =Planck; q = Quark; n = Neutron; netn= Neutron net; netp= Proton net; rep = Repulsion; rp = Right angle prism; s = Sphere; sp = Spherical segment; st = String; thsp = Sphere thickness; v = vertical; univ = Universe