Abstract

This review provides an overview of three widely applied geophysical methods in archaeological investigations: DC resistivity, magnetic, and Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR). Each geophysical methods are sensitive to distinct physical parameters and presents unique advantages and limitations in various site conditions. DC resistivity is effective for mapping subsurface resistivity contrasts but is affected by highly conductive soils; magnetic methods are rapid and sensitive to ferrous materials yet susceptible to cultural and environmental noise; GPR offers high-resolution imaging of buried features, though its performance diminishes in conductive, clay-rich, or water-saturated soils. Proper data acquisition, processing, and interpretation require professional expertise to avoid misinterpretation, such as confusing noise with true anomalies. This paper emphasizes the importance of selecting the appropriate geophysical method based on site conditions and archaeological objectives, supported by literature-based evaluations.

Keywords:Archaeogeophysics; DC resistivity; Magnetic; Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR); Data processing; Method comparison