Abstract

Background: Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome (MTSS) is an overuse clinical syndrome that is common in runners and can lead to functional limitations and running cessation.
Objective: To review the literature on etiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of MTSS in runners.
Result: The etiology of MTSS is still a matter of debate but the theory of a continuum of overload from muscles to fascia to bone seems to be getting momentum. Risk factors are identified and discussed. MTSS can most often be diagnosed clinically following described criteria. Treatment is largely based on expert opinion, knowledge of biomechanics and tissue healing. A detailed treatment program is proposed. Prevention programs have yet to show efficacy in preventing MTSS, but shock absorbing insoles and a neuromuscular training program may be helpful.
Conclusion: Guidelines were proposed to help the clinician prevent, diagnose and treat MTSS