Abstract

The paper presents the results of a study devoted to determining the degree of masculinization manifestations in sexual somatotypes in female athletes of adolescence and I mature (reproductive) age, engaged in freestyle and Greco-Roman (classical) wrestling. The study involved 14 female youth athletes and 13 female athletes of the 1st mature age, engaged in freestyle wrestling, as well as 15 female athletes of youth and 11-1st mature age, engaged in Greco-Roman (classical) wrestling. Total: 29 youth athletes and 24 senior athletes. It was found that in both groups of young athletes, the width of the shoulders exceeds the width of the pelvis. The girls are broad-shouldered, with narrow pelvises, which corresponds to the masculine body type of female athletes. In the group of female athletes of the first reproductive age, it was reliably determined that the average values of shoulder width in female athletes of both groups exceed the values of pelvic width, which also indicates the masculine body type of female athletes. Analysis of the obtained indicators of morpho functional index values showed the following: The average values of the index of sexual dimorphism in the group of young athletes involved in Greco-Roman wrestling are approaching the maximum limit values of the mesomorphic sexual somatotype, even though in this age group there are no athletes with physiological gyneco morphic, and with a pathological-andromorphic sexual somatotype. In the group of female athletes involved in freestyle wrestling, there were also no female athletes identified with a gyneco morphic sexual somatotype. At the same time, this group is dominated by athletes with a pathological, andromorphic sexual somatotype-9(64.29%) and with a transitional, mesomorphic sexual somatotype-5(35.71%). The average values of the masculinization index in female athletes of both groups correspond to indicators indicating the initial processes of a decrease in estrogen levels and the formation of hyperandrogenism phenomena (indicators less than 1.15).

As a result of the study, it was determined that in the group of young female athletes involved in classical wrestling, athletes with a mesomorphic sexual somatotype dominate, and in the group of young female athletes involved in freestyle wrestling, athletes with an andromorphic somatotype and masculinization phenomena dominate, with manifestations present in both studied groups hypoestrogenism. It has also been established that in groups of female athletes of the first mature age involved in classical and Greco-Roman wrestling, masculine female athletes dominate, both with mesomorphic and, mainly, with inverse andromorphic sexual somatotypes.

Keywords:Sportswomen; Single combats; Freestyle wrestling; Classical wrestling; Sexual somatotypes; Masculinization

Abbreviations:WP: Width of the Pelvis; WS: Width of the Shoulders; SDI: Sexual Dimorphism Index, according to J. Tanner; BMI: Body Mass Index; MI: The Masculinization Index; АI: Andromorphic Index; CMS: Candidate for Master of Sports; MS: Master of Sports