Abstract

The global energy transition is at a critical juncture, with nations striving to balance sustainability, economic stability and public health. While renewable energy sources are essential for reducing carbon emissions, their scalability and resource constraints present significant challenges. Simultaneously, fossil fuels remain a crucial component of the global energy mix, raising concerns about environmental and health impacts. This paper critically examines the geopolitical, economic and technological dimensions of energy policies, emphasizing the tension between energy security and the transition to low-carbon alternatives. Furthermore, it explores the implications of resource availability, particularly in the context of critical minerals required for renewable technologies. A comprehensive and pragmatic approach is necessary to ensure a sustainable energy future that prioritizes both economic resilience and public well-being.

Keywords:Energy transition policy; Public health and energy; Sustainable resource management