Abstract

Diene elastomers, such as Natural Rubber (NR) and Polybutadiene Rubber (BR), are extensively used in dynamic applications like tyres, conveyor belts and dampers due to their exceptional elasticity and durability. However, these rubber materials contain unsaturated double bonds, which are prone to degradation caused by oxygen and ozone exposure. NR, BR and their blends are typically formulated with active antiozonants to address this challenge. These additives protect against ozone cracking and oxidative damage while significantly improving fatigue resistance under dynamic conditions. The relationship between antiozonants and the dynamic properties of rubber, particularly their effect on tyre hysteresis, has been a focus of extensive research in the rubber industry. This study examines how antiozonant formulations influence the performance of diene rubber vulcanizates, highlighting their role in enhancing durability and optimizing energy efficiency in applications involving repeated stress