Abstract

The rising rates of obesity and its associated health issues have led to a growing interest in effective and sustainable treatment options. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have become key pharmacological tools, impacting weight loss, metabolic health, and various systemic outcomes. Recent research highlights the role of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in mediating some of the beneficial effects of GLP-1RAs, particularly in metabolic regulation and the mitigation of obesity-related complications. SIRT1 activation is critical for improving insulin sensitivity, reducing inflammation, and modulating energy metabolism, making it an essential component of obesity therapy. Given the potential impact of SIRT1 inhibition on GLP-1RA efficacy, plasma SIRT1 levels may serve as a useful biomarker for assessing patient response to treatment. This review delves into the potential long-term effects of GLP-1RAs, covering weight loss, bowel function, nutrition, cancer risk reduction, fertility, sexual health, mental well-being, diabetes management, cardiovascular health, and neurovascular conditions and the emerging role of SIRT1 in optimizing obesity therapy outcomes. By analysing recent research and incorporating data on metabolic interventions like bariatric surgery, this article aims to provide a thorough overview of the diverse benefits and challenges linked to GLP-1RA therapy.

Keywords:Obesity therapy; Bariatric surgery; Diabetes; Pharmacology