Abstract

The prognosis for primary and secondary brain malignancies is still poor despite substantial advancements in research. The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) is a complicated and distinct semi-permeable membrane that safeguards the brain’s equilibrium. It does, however, provide a serious obstacle to the administration of medications to the tumor and brain. It is known that certain brain tumors can damage the integrity of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), resulting in a very diverse vasculature known as the Blood-Tumor-Barrier (BTB). Research in this field has focused on finding ways to get beyond these barriers to increase anticancer therapies’ penetrability. The brain microenvironment has the potential to hinder the efficacy of medications intended to treat primary brain tumors and their metastases. Research in this field has focused on finding ways to get beyond these barriers to increase the penetrability of anticancer therapies. More knowledge of the BBB and BTB and the existing approaches to overcoming these obstacles will make it possible to create novel and more potent brain tumor treatment plans. The methods currently undergoing preclinical or clinical investigation, including molecular, biological, and physical processes to overcome the BBB or BTB, are detailed in this review along with the strategies that have been studied to avoid or modify the cellular and molecular barriers of both the BBB and the BTB.