Abstract

Breast calcifications are the most common finding on mammograms and can show significant morphological variability. With the help of the BIRADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) lexicon they can be divided into benign and malignant types but there remains overlap between these two categories. Micro calcifications which fall in the ‘suspicious’ category can occur without the presence of an associated mass or architectural distortion. Micro- calcifications are also one of the first features to be seen on mammograms in DCIS (Ductal Carcinoma In Situ), leading to early diagnosis and prompt treatment. With the advent of newer technologies in imaging, more information regarding the radiological extent of disease and cancer type associated with the calcification can be determined. This review aims to cover the BIRADS fifth edition descriptors and lexicons of breast calcifications on mammography.

Background

Calcifications are a common entity on mammograms, with most being benign. With the evolution in mammogram technology and screening programmes, microcalcifications have become easier to detect with reporting of DCIS increasing, thereby reducing patient mortality. With this review paper, we aim to review the imaging descriptors of benign and malignant calcifications seen on mammograms with a pictorial representation and brief literature review.

Keywords: Breast imaging; Mammography; BIRADS; Calcifications; Microcalcifications

Abbreviations: ACR-BIRADS: American College of Radiology -Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System; DCIS: Ductal Carcinoma In Situ; FFDM: Full Field Digital Mammography; DBT: Digital Breast Tomosynthesis; CC & MLO: Cranio-caudal and Medio-lateral oblique; 3D: 3 Dimensional