Abstract

Epoxy resins (EPs) have attracted significant attention across industries owing to their exceptional mechanical properties, high strength-to-weight ratios, and resistance to corrosion and chemicals. Due to their unique chemical structure, EPs play a pivotal role in transportation, construction, electronics, insulation, aerospace, and other industries. As materials science and technology continue to advance, novel epoxy composites are emerging, pushing the boundaries of high-performance materials. However, it remains challenging to strike a balance among strength, toughness, and flexibility, which is crucial for achieving optimal performance across diverse applications. Additionally, growing environmental concerns and emphasis on sustainability have made it imperative to explore bio-based and degradable epoxy composites for addressing these issues effectively. This review comprehensively examines diverse epoxy resin systems, encompassing mono-functional, di-functional, cycloaliphatic, and multifunctional epoxy resins. Emphasis is placed on recent advancements in epoxy resin synthesis, including the development of biodegradable variants and flame-retardant formulations.

Keywords:Epoxy resin; Biodegradable epoxy resin; Chemically degradable epoxy resin; Flame retardant

Abbreviations:EPs: Epoxy Resins; DGEBA: Diglycidylether of Bisphenol A; BPA: Bisphenol-A; DGEBF: Diglycidylether of Bisphenol F; CAE: 3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3’,4’-Epoxycyclohexane Carboxylate; TGDDM: N,N,N’,N’-Tetraglycidyl-4,4′-Diaminodipehnylmethane; LEPs: Lignin-Based Epoxy Resins; ECGE: Epoxidized Cardanol Glycidyl Ether