Abstract

All arboviruses have complex life cycles that require at least one primary vertebrate host that is not a human and then, an arthropod that serves as the primary vector. They are a diverse group which are wellknown in public health due to their widespread ability to produce high rates of illness and death in both animal and human populations. The RNA viruses known as arboviruses are spread by hematophagous or blood-feeding arthropods like mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies, etc. Depending on the severity of the infection, these pathogens can cause hemorrhagic fevers and encephalitis, or they can cause polyarthritis and intermittent fevers. Transient ecosystem dynamics and anthropogenic enablers are pivotal in the emergence and re-emergence of these arboviral diseases as changes in ecological factors can influence vector abundance, behaviour, and viral amplification. These arbovirus diseases are spreading quickly and account for a disproportionate amount of all infectious diseases. It is however imperative that to clearly distinguish the relative contributions of various drivers of global environmental change, it is imperative to assign reported variations in the risk of mosquito-borne disease to non-climatic causes. We provided a comprehensive contextual understanding of the ecosystem dynamics and anthropogenic activities that are playing a pivotal role in the re-emergence of arboviral diseases and the emergence of newer ones with a view to proffering new strategies to decimate this public health concern.

Keywords:Arboviruses; Ecosystem dynamics; Anthropogenic activities; Public health; Infectious diseases