Cuban Milk Production. Mini Review

Some years ago [1] they treated some aspects of the upgrade of the bovine facilities in Germany and their possible introduction in the countries of the south, specifically in the Cuban case; in that occasion it particularizes in the case of the facilities and their productive infrastructure. Presently work will be approached the technologies that exist in Germany to satisfy the feeding demands for this livestock type. Of agreement with [2], in Cuba the feeding of the bovine livestock is carried out in grasslands and hills in an intensive way (rotation for small extensions) and extensive (in big earth extensions) dedicated to these tools. Also, by means of the use of diets that contain concentrated allowances, to which are denominated piensos. These allowances denominated piensos are quite expensive, when having to care most of the input and motivated by the preparation of these, which are elaborated to industrial scale in factories specialized in these operations. The fundamental inputs for the preparation of these concentrated allowances (piensos) are grains, albumin supplements, mineral salts, medications and antibiotics among others. Deal with [3], a reflection of the problem of the food animal production is made in Germany and Cuba going to the bovine cattle raising contrasting the inadequacies of the Cuban case and the methods to revert this problem. Now days (2022 and 2023), other important elements that impact in the big and small productions of milk and their derivate obtained in Cuba, are the rise in the price of some raw materials (among others: petroleum and fertilizers), those which motivated by the crisis of the world transport product, the sequel of the Covid-2019 and the war between Russia and Ukraine, they have hit equally to all the markets at global level. In the Cuban case this has brought a depression of the production of milk (to less than 2 liter/caw) and inflation never views in the state and private sector. That which has shot the prices from the liter of milk to values never before observed ($20, 00 Cuban pesos /liter), in the state sector and ($62, 00 Cuban pesos /liter) in the private sector. In spite of the above-mentioned, the readiness of the milk is insufficient in both sectors and alone the children are prioritized until 7 years and people that have medical diets for its acquisition by means of a rationing sheet.

1USD =120 Cuban pesos

In the case of Germany, it is presented in this same period a phenomenon of adsorption and annihilation of the small producers rural milkmen by the big companies monopolists producers of milk to great scale, that which makes be in danger the economy and sustenance of life of these small and medium producers that cannot compete with technologies and prices against these big companies, resulting in their annihilation and the increase of the price of this important food. Deal with [4-6], the methods and principles for the exploitation of the Livestock bovine milkman, are sufficiently explicit and they are of the knowledge of the German producers. Deal with [7], In Cuba the milk production reported a total of 374,2MT (thousands of tons) liters of milk, of this production an annual yield of 1224kg of milk was reported by cow of a total of 305,7 Mcabz (thousands of cows), that which is extremely low for our production conditions. Deal with (GOC-2022- 831-089) [8], the main regulations for the holding and exploitation of the bovine livestock in Cuba belonging to government enterprises and private producers are regulated. In spite of this, this low capacity owes herself among other causes to different factors such as: inadequate feeding, lowers rate of natality for cow, low percent of artificial insemination, insufficient handling of the flock among other problems. For such a reason this work has as. Objective: It is to present the problem of the low capacity of milk and their derivate in Cuba, their high prices and their comparison and discussion with regard to the German case.

The current situation in Cuba related with the production of milk has never sat down precedents seen. This could have diverse interpretations. But fundamentally they are due to a series of factors that it has been chained unfavorably. Inside the main ones to our approach are faulty feeding of the mass cattle, low percent of natality, low percent of artificial insemination, low-capacity milkmaid for cow and wrong handling of the flock. In the German case, the problem of the high prices of the milk and their derivate it is in correspondence with the increase of the price of the fuels in that country, that which has been exposed previously. For such a reason, with this work it is suggested that the people to make decisions (decisores) have the possibility to carry out an analysis and pondered valuation of these problems for their possible correction. An amplification of this mini revision will be consulted in the next papers that will be published of the Cuban magazine Titled: “Ciencias Técnicas Agropecuarias”. La Habana. Cuba.

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2. Martínez C (2015) Agricultural facilities. Fundamentals and elements of calculation. (Agricultural facilities. Foundations and calculation elements) In: Félix Varela, Havana (Eds.), 241: 978-959.
3. Hernández MMC, Oechsner H, Freire GA (2022) Preparation of animal feed in Germany. Magazine Agricultural Technical Sciences 31(2).
4. Handbook (2001) Farm buildings planning aid, function and construction instructions. Printed in Germany.
5. (2001) Handbook of farm buildings. Planning aid, functional and construction instructions. Germany.
6. Jungbluth T, Buescher W, Krause M ( 2013 ) Technology animal husbandry. Basic Knowledge Bachelor. Publisher Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, Germany, p. 304.
7. ONEI (2021) National Statistics and Information Office. Republic of Cuba Statistical Yearbook of Cuba. Agriculture, Livestock Forestry and Fishing.
8. Official Gazette of the Republic of Cuba (2022) Ministry of Justice. Modification of Decree 225. Personal violations of the Regulations for the control and registration of large cattle and pure breeds (GOC-2022-831-089).