Abstract

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are man-made compounds present in many industrial processes and consumer products. The largest volume PFAS are refrigerants and fluoropolymers. These compounds are an integral part of our modern society and are likely to be part of that society in essential applications for years to come. Nevertheless, major concerns on PFAS are expressed over their contributions to global warming and their immunotoxicity in human beings. Therefore, a new pragmatic equilibrium between the unique properties of PFAS and their impact on the earth’s ecosphere, including all living organisms, needs to be found in the near future, restricting or eliminating manufacturing and applications of non-essential uses and giving time-limited derogations or even exemptions to critical applications.

Keywords:Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances; PFAS; Essential uses; Environmental impact; Closing the fluorine loop

Abbreviations: GWP: Global Warming Potential; HFC: Hydrofluorocarbon; HFO: Hydrofluoroolefin; PFAS: Per- and Polyfluoro Alkyl Substances; PFCA: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl Acid; PFOA: Perfluorooctanoic Acid; PFOS: Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid; TFA: Trifluoroacetic Acid