Abstract

Acupuncture is a hallmark of Traditional Chinese Medicine and has been utilized for over 2000 years, with its integration into Western medicine accelerating after the 1970s. Its role in modern healthcare is particularly prominent in pain management and perioperative care. Recent findings have highlighted its physiological effects, including analgesia, sedation, and immune modulation, making it a valuable non-pharmacological tool for surgical settings. Acupuncture’s mechanisms of action are multifaceted and rooted in its influence on both peripheral and central nervous systems. Stimulation of acupoints activates afferent nerve fibers, triggering neurotransmitter release in key brain regions involved in pain modulation, such as the periaqueductal gray and nucleus raphe magnus. Additionally, electroacupuncture demonstrates frequency-dependent effects, enhancing the release of endogenous opioids like enkephalins and dynorphins. These findings underscore acupuncture’s ability to provide effective analgesia without the risks associated with pharmacological interventions.

Its incorporation into perioperative care aligns with Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols by reducing anxiety, minimizing anesthetic requirements, and alleviating postoperative pain and nausea. Beyond immediate surgical outcomes, acupuncture contributes to organ protection and mitigates postoperative hyperalgesia, exemplifying its potential in holistic patient care. Acupuncture’s integration into modern medicine represents a synergy of traditional practices and contemporary scientific advancements. However, standardization in education and clinical practice remains crucial to ensure consistent outcomes. As ongoing research continues to validate its mechanisms and expand its applications, acupuncture stands poised to become an indispensable component of integrative healthcare, redefining its role in pain management and perioperative medicine.

Keywords:Acupuncture; Anesthesia; Review; Perioperative care; Integrative healthcare