Abstract

Aim: Acute gastroenteritis outbreaks common health problem throughout the world especially in children. Everyyear thousands of children dies because of the diarrhea cause of bacterias, parasites and viral diseases.In this study we aim to find the rates of the agents cause diarrhoea, children under 5 years old according to the seasons.

Matherials and methods: In this study 216 stool samples ,children under 5 years old age ,are examine with some tests for Rotaviruses, Adenoviruses, Salmonella, Shigella, Entemoeba and Giardia, Clostridium difficile(ToxinA, Toxin B). Gastroenteritis were tested for Clostridium difficile by means of enzyme-linked immunoassay(ToxinA, Toxin B). CerTest Rotavirus and Adenovirus Card Test (CerTest, Biotec, Spain), a qualitative immunochromatographic assay was used to detect rotavirus and adenovirus antigens.This immunochromatic tests used for detecting Giardia and Entemoeba antigens too and most of the cases we support our results with the microscopy. They were also examined by ELISA for Clostridium difficile cytotoxins A and B. We used macconcey medium for finding the lactose negative colonies after that selenit-f media used for detecting only salmonella and shigella in the stool samples, the final results has been reached by the IMVIC tests.

Result: Infections results 40.74% rotavirus (adenovirus 13.42%, 5 case is mixed infections ) , bacteria 24.98% and parasites 20.82% . Some agents are peak in the cold seasons for example most Rotavirus outbreaks increased in winter.(November 11.36%, December 14.77%, January 13.76%, February 25% ). In contrast some outbreaks occured in hot seasons especially Salmonella ( June 21.42%, July 28.57%, August 35.71%) and Shigella (June 20 %, July 20% ,August 30%)(Table 1).

Conclusion: This study find the highest proportion of dual diarhoeal infections was identified in February, March and April and seasonal occurrence of some mono-infections; infection by rotavirus is more frequent in winter and spring In conclusion we believe that analysis of viral antigens,bacterias and the parasites as a diarrheal agents in stool sample is important in 0-5 years old infants because of hospitalizations and unneccessary drugs.

Keywords: Child; Diarrhea; Gastroenteritis