Abstract

Water is an essential element for the existence of life and therefore it is an important issue. Due to the diversity of contaminants that can occur in drinking water, water treatment systems are very diverse; within these is the use of adsorbent and filter materials. The objective of this review is to give an overview of the use of nanocellulose-based materials in the removal of contaminants present in water. In general, it has been seen that for a better performance of nanocellulose-based materials for applications in membranes or as an adsorbent, good compatibility between the nanocellulose and the matrix with other polymers is necessary. In addition, the interconnection and formation of networks between fibers increase the porosity and consequently the flow of water. However, it is a significant challenge to maintain the structural integrity of the membrane without compromising water flow and contaminant removal efficiency. Modified nanocellulose derivatives allow the formation of active sites that show a higher affinity towards contaminant molecules through van der Waal forces, electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonds. These active sites play a vital role in the adsorption of various contaminants, including heavy metal ions, toxic dyes, oils, unwanted salts, etc.

Keywords: Biomaterials; Adsorption; Filtration; Chemical modification; Water contaminants