Abstract

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine research has utilized Three-Dimensional (3D) bioprinting as a promising technique for fabricating complex functional biological constructs mimicking native tissue for repair and/or replacement of damaged organs or tissues. It has shown how to alleviate the hurdles of conventional tissue engineering methods based on scaffolding and microengineering by precise biomimetic properties and controlled layer-by-layer assembly of biomaterials in a desired 3D pattern. 3D bioprinting involves the top-down approach of building complex tissue with precise geometries using computer graphic generated anatomically accurate 3D models of the tissue. In this comprehensive review, we highlight 3D bioprinting technologies such as ink-jet printing, extrusion printing, stereolithography and laser assisted techniques and applications of 3D bioprinting for construction of tissues such as skin, cardiac, bone and cartilage. We will discuss current challenges with 3D bioprinting technologies and future prospects for advancements for efficient and effective construction of native tissues.

Keywords: 3D printing; Tissue engineering; Inkjet printing; Extrusion-based printing; Cardiac tissue