The Author ensures that the research has been conducted responsibly and ethically with adherence to all relevant regulations. read more..
Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering and Petroleum, Kuwait University, Kuwait
Submission: February 01, 2023;Published: February 20, 2023
ISSN : 2576-8840Volume18 Issue3
Pressure transmission tests and mathematical modelling were conducted to determine shale’s permeability under various temperatures (25 ˚C up to 300 ˚C). Results showed that for shales A, the permeability decreased as temperature increased from 25 ˚C to 100 ˚C and it increased thereafter (above 100 ˚C). As for shale B, the permeability decreased as temperature rose from 25 ˚C to 150 ˚C and then it increased as temperature progressed beyond 150 ˚C [1]. The behaviour of permeability of shale C was totally different as it increased for all temperatures. We believe that, among other factors, clay sites activation and pore dilation could, for most of the part, explain the behaviour of shale permeability for shales A, B & C under high temperatures. We think that extreme heat might activate clay sites and cause their detachment from shale surfaces. This thermal detachment of the clay platelets is demonstrated as a thermal swelling. Clay platelet detachment caused swelling that could narrow pore throats and bodies, decreasing the amount of void space in the network of pores. In addition, we believe that high temperature could enhance the size of pore throat of the shale which might cause an increase in its permeability. This process is referred to in the literature as ‘’pore dilation’’ [2-5]. Data also suggests that the amount of shale’s moisture between the grains is diminished by the application of heat. A reduction in water activity of all shales as temperature risen from 25 ˚C to 300 ˚C was observed.
Get access to the full text of this articlePh.D in Agriculture from Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University
Research Professor, PhD, Holistic Research Institute
Professor, Chief Doctor, Director of Department of Pediatric Surgery, Associate Director of Department of Surgery, Doctoral Supervisor Tongji hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Senior Research Engineer and Professor, Center for Refining and Petrochemicals, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Fellow of International Agency for Standards and Ratings (IASR), Edith Cowan University, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute
Chancellor Emeritus / Professor Emeritus of Chemistry and Physics, University of Missouri–St. Louis
Ph.D in Science from the Federal University of Alagoas, UFAL, Brazil
Assistant Professor in College of Architecture, Art and Design
Interim Dean, College of Education and Health Sciences, Director of Biomechanics Laboratory, Sport Science Innovation Program, Bridgewater State University
Professor of numerous training courses in Family Medicine
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Computer Science
Wenzhou Medical University, China
Fooyin University, Taiwan
Saglik Bilimleri University, Turkey
Vincent Pol University, Poland
National Defence University of Malaysia, Malaysia
Dogus University, Turkey
Hope College, USA
Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
Southern Cross University, Australia
Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
City University of New York, USA
Khalifa University of Science & Technology, United Arab Emirates
Hebei Normal University, China
Alexandria University, Egypt
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
Council for Agriculture Research and Analysis of Agri Economy (CREA), Italy
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia
King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
University of Oregon, USA
University of Edinburgh, Scotland
University of Tennessee, USA
Central University of Venezuela, Venezuela
Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Iran
Tourin University, Italy
Teaching & Public Speaking, Spain
Paeditric Hospital "Giovanni XXIII", Italy
University of Nicosia, Cyprus
Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Spain
Oral Roberts University, USA
Beijing Normal University, China
Howard University, USA
Edith Cowan University, Australia
Dubai Health Authority, UAE
University of Minnesota, USA
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
Serhal Hospital, Lebanon
University of Malta, Malta
National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
Molloy College, USA
Federal University of Piauí, Brazil
Krankenhaus Nordwest Hospital, Germany
Laval University, Canada
Cinvestav-Unidad Saltillo, Mexico
UPMC Hamot Neuroscience Institute, USA
Ramon Llull University, Spain
White Bear Associates, LLC, USA
Lehigh University, USA
California Southern University, USA
Institute of Solid State Physics of RAS, Russia
University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
Mansoura University, Egypt
King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
University of Coimbra, Portugal