Abstract

To provide a sanitary environments and affordable materials that reduce the cost of living is one of the objectives of sustainable development goals. The 21st century needs civilization and developments in all aspects of life. The renewable sources such as recycling of by-product will help in sanitary and reducing cost of living as well as environmental sanitary. The present research is designed to utilize Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) as an additive ingredient in the porcelain body and to identify the effect of substitution of this modified POFA on Porcelain. Also will determine which composition/element in the POFA contents that most increases the strength of porcelain when added to it. This involves the experimental work such as volume shrinkage, porosity, bending and compressive strengths and supported with a theoretical aspect. The chemical composition of Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA), shown that the silica content (SiO₂) in POFA is much higher than in Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). The presence of a higher amount of SiO₂ would assist the pozzolanic reaction. However, the calcium oxide (CaO) is lower than in OPC, while the Loss on Ignition (LOI) value of POFA is higher than in Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), at 3.10%. From the chemical analysis, it is revealed that POFA is a satisfactory pozzolanic material and may be used as a cement replacement.

Keywords:Physico-chemical properties; Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC); Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA); Loss on Ignition (LOI); Porcelain