Abstract

Many aquatic ecosystems have been destabilized by the release into the water of excessive agricultural and industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and animal and human waste. Adverse ecological responses commonly include the overgrowth of filamentous algae, and toxic cyanobacteria (also known as blue-green algae). Ecosystems can potentially adapt to disruptions of the customarily utilized functional pathways by resorting to less energy-efficient pathways (Nature’s allostasis). Adaptability is limited, however, when the required additional energy is unavailable. Ecological disruptions can, however, be potentially overcome by increasing the water’s levels of a proposed life force termed KELEA, an synonym for Kinetic Energy Limiting Electrostatic Attraction. Kiko technology comprises pulverized volcanic material formed into pellets, which are repeatedly heated to near melting point temperatures and slowly cooled over several consecutive days. Kiko pellets were successfully used with biochar and a mineral water conditioner to suppress the growth of cyanobacteria in Spirit Lake, Iowa. With other indications of a more complete restoration of the lake’s ecosystem, many of the lake’s zebra mussels have disintegrated. Prior efforts at eradication of invasive zebra mussels from the upper Midwest regions of the United States have been unsuccessful. Kiko and related life force-enhancing technologies warrant testing in other cyanobacteria and zebra mussel-contaminated waterways.

Keywords:Invasive species; Nature’s allostasis; KELEA; Kiko; cyanobacteria; Blue-green algae; Pollution; Biochar; lowa; Spirit Lake; Great Lakes; Bechamp-Pasteur