Abstract

One of the critical medical topics researched is identifying the most diverse diseases of new molecular biomarkers that would establish a positive diagnosis and respond to an indeed shown treatment (risk biomarkers). Prolonging the lifespan of individuals and increasing the frequency of heart failure from 1-2% in the adult population, regardless of age, to 10-12% in people over 70 explains the worldwide interest in identifying biomarkers and in this condition, regardless of etiology, which offers the possibility of complex assessment of the situation, including the prognosis. In the studies published so far, we aimed to demonstrate the involvement of enzymes as biomarkers of diastolic dysfunction generating heart failure (i.e., we studied the possibility of osteopontin as a biomarker of heart damage and injury, because it is involved in the generation of myocardial inflammation, a process present in the deficient contractile myocardium). For medical practice, in the variant in which the research efforts of some of these will impose them as biomarkers, they become a means/method of diagnosis of the studied heart disease, which allows significant reduction of decision times and prompt/early initiation of therapy. The effects are beneficial for both the patient, the family and society, as they are real forms of secondary prevention and reduction of hospitalization costs.

Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases; Atherosclerosis; Risk biomarkers

Abbreviations: TNF: Tumor Necrosis Factor; IL-1: Interleukin-1; G-CSF: Granulocyte Colony- Stimulating Factor; M-CSF: Monocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor