Abstract

Objective: To report physiological evidence that the capillary works as a porous orifice (G) tube proving that Starling’s law is wrong.

Material and methods: The G tube has a negative side pressure (SP) exerted on its wall. The G tube is akin to capillary and when enclosed in a chamber (C), akin to interstitial fluid space, demonstrating the G-C circulation. Here we report the results of experiments on the hind limb of sheep; first when the fluid is passed through the artery and later when passed through the vein. We monitored the occurrence of oedema of the limb comparing the two circulations.

Results:The inflow pressure induces negative SP in the G tube which is responsible for absorption and G-C phenomenon: an autonomous magnetic field-like G-C circulation occurs between fluid in the G tube’s lumen and a surrounding fluid compartment C. The hind limb acted as normal without oedema and has a negative interstitial (ISF) pressure when the fluid is passed through the artery i.e. acting like the G tube. There was gross oedema with increase in weight of the limb when the fluid was passed through the vein acting like Poiseuille’s tube.

Conclusion:The reported studies affirm that the capillary works as G tube effecting circulation with ISF which causes negative ISF pressure. When the circulation is reversed through the vein it acted like Poiseuille’s tube causing gross oedema and positive ISF pressure. This is physiological proof that Starling’s law is wrong.

Keywords: Capillary circulation; Starling’s law; Capillary interstitial fluid transfer; Hydrodynamic; Shock; Hyponatraemia, Oedema the transurethral prostatectomy syndrome (TURS); the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Abbreviations: VO: Volumetric Overload; VOS: Volumetric Overload Shocks; VOS1: Volumetric Overload Shock, Type 1; VOS2: Volumetric Overload Shock, Type 2; TURP: The Transurethral Resection of the Prostate Syndrome; ARDS: The Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome; MVOD/F: The Multiple Vital Organ Dysfunction/ Failure Syndrome; HN: Hyponatraemia; BP: Arterial Blood Pressure; CVP: Central Venous Pressure; ISF: Interstitial Fluid Volume; G Tube: The Porous Orifice Tube; PP: Proximal Pressure to the G tube akin to arterial blood pressure; DP: Distal Pressure to the G tube akin to venous pressure; LP: Lumen Pressure of the G tube; FP: Flow Pressure is the positive pressure inside the G Tube; SP: Side Pressure is the negative pressure inside the G Tube