Abstract

Since decades ago improvement of materials is always the aims of researchers to fulfill needs in many areas such as engineering, biomedical and also dentistry. Glass-ionomer-cement (GIC) is one of the most commonly used materials in dentistry where it is highly used as restoration in deciduous teeth and as lining material or temporary restoration for adult. The conventional GIC (cGIC) was introduced in 1972 [1] which is an acid-base material and the latter type is with addition of HEMA that is cured by light, called resin modified GIC. Conventional GIC is well liked due to its properties including anticariogenic, good adhesion to tooth structure, biocompatible, ability to release and reservoir fluoride and easy to handle [2]. Despite, it is limited by weaknesses such as low hardness, easily worn down and too opaque. Due to this limitation many studies had been done aiming to enhance and improve GIC by modification or addition of material such silver-cermet, stainless steel powder, titanium dioxide, silver tin alloy, carbon and aluminasilicate fibers [2-5].