Abstract

Golden Rice (GR) is a special form of rice which comprises β-carotene (pro-vitamin A) in its grains. This was built through genetic engineering by inserting a combination of genes from daffodil (psy) and Erwinia (crtI) bacteria. Initially developed GR had a lower β-carotene content; later GR2E was made which had a total carotenoid up to 37μg/g (23 times more than the earlier GR). Justification of GR consumption is mainly for combating nutrition hunger especially Vitamin A related deficiencies specifically night blindness. Bangladesh is a major rice growing country in the world where more than 60% of the food consumption is cereals. Resulting a higher consumption of rice (approximately 150Kg/year/person). Imbalance dietary habit of Bangalis is a major problem for nutrition requirement makeup. 144g/day consumption of GR may fulfil the daily need β-carotene thus, GR may play a crucial role to meet up this demand. IRRI has bio fortified BRRI dhan29 (a mega rice variety in Bangladesh) with GR’s pro-vitamin A bearing genes. Field trials of GR with popular rice varieties were recorded to be completely environmental friendly without any significant distinction in yield except β-carotene content. Constrains of GR is mainly focused by some environmentalists which they assume to be loss of genetic resources, potential growth of secondary insect, disease, weeds, health issues etc. Though clinical trials with mice were found to be completely safe and toxic free with β-carotene feeding (grains) of GR. Presently GR is still under confined review and evaluation to be released as cultivation in farmer’s level. As science advances by more and more variation and modification in food and crop will occur but it’s up to us what we’ll choose and eat to keep us healthy and sound.

Keywords: Golden rice; Bangladesh;Vitamin A deficiency; Bio fortified rice; BRRI dhan29

Abbreviations: GR: Golden Rice; GM: Genetically Modified; VAD: Vitamin A Deficiency; VA: Vitamin A; RDA: Recommended Dietary Allowance; RE: retinol equivalents; BRRI: Bangladesh Rice Research; IRRI: International Rice Research Institute; BARI: Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute; BSFB: Brinjal Shoot and Fruit Borer