Abstract

This study evaluated the Synergistic bioactivity of activated carbon (charcoal), Angliss’s lei carpus, Naugle latifoliate against five clinical bacteria and fungi isolates (Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria). Angliss’s eriocarpin (African Birch; Bambara: Naglaa) is a tall deciduous tree native to savannah of tropical Africa. One of the most widely used substance for water purification is activated carbon due to its large surface area and high adsorption capacity. The bacteria are Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Selected fungal isolates which include; Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus Niger, Fusarium solani, Candida albican and S. cerevisae. Antimicrobial screening of crude ethanolic leaf extract of Anogeisssus leiocarpus and ethanolic stem bark extract of Naucle latifolia was carried out using agar well diffusion. The crude extract from both Anogeisssus leiocarpus leaf shows high antimicrobial activities while the Naucle latifolia stem bark extract showed moderate antibacterial and antifungal activity. The synergistic effect of the Anogeisssus leiocarpus leaf and activated carbon shows comparatively higher antimicrobial activities than individual plant and carbon. Highest diameter zones of inhibition were observed from the synergy of A.

Anogeisssus leiocarpus leaf and activated carbon against E-coli with 24mm at 100mg/ml, while the least zone of inhibition is observed from the Anogeisssus leiocarpus extract against K. pneumoniae with 18mm at 100mg/ml and 11mm at 12.5mg/ml. The Minimum inhibitory concentration value of Anogeisssus leiocarpus leaf against the bacterial isolates is 12.5mg/ml, while the Minimum bactericidal concentration of activated carbon against the isolates is 25mg/ml concentration. Phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of Alkaloid, Cardiac glycoside, Steroids, Tannin, Saponin, Flavonoid, Anthraquinone, Phenol and reducing sugar. Due to the data recorded from this research work, it can be concluded that, activated carbon can be used in synergy with he mentions medicinal plant (Anogeissus leiocarpus & Nauclea latifolia) for the effective treatment of public water source and recalcitrant clinical isolates.

Keywords:Anogeissus leiocarpus; Nauclea latifolia; Activated carbon; Synergistic bioactivity