Abstract

As a microbiome colonizer, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has many ways to travel from sinusitis and paranasal cavities down to the gut. Once in the gut and transformed into a pathogen, S. aureus has several ways to cause harm and may travel to other microbiomes in the human body by escaping immune defenses due to unrecognized movement. While a good deal is known about treating S. aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis, treatments for the gut remain to be explored fully. The number and functional structure of reservoirs in the gut where S. aureus may reside undetected, may provide important information about the timing and nature of transformations from colonizer to pathogen status. Studies of S. aureus reservoirs may address how immune defenses are reduced, gut permeability is increased, transformation from colonizer to a pathogen is triggered, or gram-negative bacteria that release bacterial lipopolysaccharides induce chronic rhinosinusitis. Creating databases for the study of S. aureus in the gut that embed data analytics and machine/deep learning can create a brighter drug development future. This rapid evolution of new approaches to correct existing deficiencies in drug development requires awareness of important therapeutic strategies and their nuances within a complex drug development environment. Some issues are highlighted.

Keywords:Microbiome; Gut-sinus axis; Staphylococcus aureus; Evidence-based medicine

Social Media Summary: Creating databases for the study of S. aureus in the gut that embed data analytics and machine/deep learning can create a brighter drug development future.