Abstract

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that destroys β cells. β cells play a critical role in glucose homeostasis by sensing blood glucose and releasing insulin to maintain physiologic glucose levels within a relatively narrow range. Human UCB cells pose a lower risk of viral contamination due to the low placental transmission rates during prenatal life. They have superiorities including low immunogenicity, non-invasive harvest procedure, gynecological waste, easy expansion in vitro, and ethical access compared with stem cells from other sources. Based on available preclinical data and therefore the agreement that infusion of minimally manipulated autologous cord blood cells was likely to be extremely safe. Thus, the UCB-derived stem cells transplant does not require a perfect match of MHC as bone marrow transplants do. Depending on the degree of differentiation, the ability to regenerate themselves, and the origin of many stem cell types can be differentiated. In terms of their plasticity totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent and weak stem cells are present. The use of Stem Cells (SCs) holds great promise for the cure of T1D due to their propitious immunological characteristics and their regenerative capabilities. Because it is free from ethical complications and straightforward to isolate without invasive methods, human Umbilical Cord Blood (hUCB) has become a precious medical product.

Keywords: Type 1 diabetes mellitus; Umbilical cord blood stem cells; Immunogenicity; Glucose homeostasis; Gynecological waste; Plasticity

Abbreviations: T1D: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus; GVHD: Graft-Versus-Host Disease; AD-MSCs: Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells; MHC: Major Histocompatibility Complex