Abstract

The paper investigates the energy balance of Georgia. To that end, the production and consumption of fuel and energy resources are analyzed for the 26-year period of independence of Georgia. The analysis is done by categories of energy resources and main sectors of industry. Data regarding the export and import of energy resources and level and dynamics of covering country’s consumption by local production is provided. The energy balance of Georgia suggests that in Georgia there are some achievements as challenges. Positively can be assessed the fact that during 2013-2017 years, aggregated energy balance of Georgia was carried out, while it was not possible for the fast 20 years. Another achievement can be seen, an increase of renewable energy resources in energy production structure [1].

It is shown that, traditionally, the energy balance of Georgia is in deep deficit. Moreover, energy intensity and electricity intensity of Gross domestic product (GDP) in Georgia is higher than in other countries. Not satisfying condition can be noted in consumption of energy within sectors, as in structure of production. The article provides improvements for reduction of balance deficit. The country imports almost all amount of oil and natural gas. Electricity balance is relatively stable. In the recent years, some amount of electivity is exported to the neighboring countries. Generally, the country satisfies only 30-35% of own energy consumption by local generation, and the rest amount of resources are imported from abroad [2]. The reason for deficit to some extent is irrational and wasteful consumption of energy resources. The article examines the organizational difficulties in drawing up energy balance of Georgia and statistical problems of recording of energy production and consumption at the initial stage of market economy [3].

Keywords: Georgia; Energy balance; Electricity; Oil products; Natural gas.