Abstract

The review has been extensively on the biological activities of yeast, focusing on the various uses of renewable feed stocks and their conversions into fuels and chemicals to cope with the increasing demand on sustainability issues around the world. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the best studied eukaryote and a valuable tool for most aspects of basic research on eukaryotic organisms. S. cerevisiae is one of the most popular cell factories and has been successfully used in the modern biotechnology industry to produce a variety of substances such as ethanol, organic acids, amino acids, enzymes and therapeutic proteins. This review will focus on how to use different sustainable solutions to overcome the different environmental impacts on yeast. With a wide range of current developments and future prospects in yeast biotechnology explored and its applications and potentials discussed in general.

Keywords: Chasmogamous (CH) flower; Cleistogamous (CL) flower; Dimorphic mixed mating system; Pseudostellaria heterophylla; Endogenous hormones