Abstract

There is no denying that the unmanageable amount of waste generated every day by humans and its safe disposal poses a threat to the overall environment. Even United Nations’ Agenda Twenty One specific chapters also promote reduction, management, and recycling of both nonhazardous & hazardous waste. On the other hand, there is hardly any particular treaty, Convention other than the Basel and Bamako Convention, by twelve nations of the Organization of African Unity at Mali in January 1991, and came into force in 1998). Alternatively, the international instrument addresses issues related to generating permissible levels and appropriate methods of waste treatment. On the other hand, E.U. is putting its best effort into erecting safe measures focused on thwarting and reducing waste at generation places and promoting recycling at waste production sites. In this regard, the European Commission (Directive 2006/12/E.C.) deals with the proper treatment of hazardous waste, and (Directive 91/698/EEC) is looking into the control of sites at which waste may get lawfully disposed. (Directive 99/31/E.C., ‘the Landfill Directive’) making sure that adverse and ill effects of the environment are protected. These are the three key legislations that vigorously address the sustainable and environmentally safest way of proper recycling and disposal of waste. During the last few decades, the core issue of waste management has taken an alarming situation, especially in the developing world. Urbanization and lifestyle have added fuel to the fire of waste management. The complexity and interest of broad stakeholders have worsened the situation and made choosing an appropriate site a costly and time-consuming exercise for regulators and planners. In such a situation, technology plays a crucial role as an angel. One such technology of Geographic Information System and satellite remote sensing can do wonders for humanity. It facilitates stakeholders to observe, view, question, understand, visualize, regulate, prevent, interpret, and view spatial and non - spatial data in multiple ways. GIS & Satellite imaging usage can reveal patterns, trends, relationships, and insight in reports, charts, images, maps, and processed pictures about the site in consideration and prevention. Zeroing suitable disposal sites should follow strict norms laid down by regulators and guarantee safety to people and the environment. GIS integrates Geographical, Geomorphological, and other parameters with population and other relevant data in selecting suitable disposal. Governments in many advanced and developing economies depend upon space-borne Remote sensing satellite technology to step up efforts to control waste disposal management. Here, satellite technology monitors suspected sites of monitoring illegal waste dumping. Technology has proved its worth, especially for end-of-life vehicles and electric and electronic waste (WEEE).

Keywords: Reduction; Management, Recycling of hazardous, Nonhazardous wastes; Remote sensing; GIS, Multi-criteria evaluation; Overhead imaging; Hyperspectral; Human and ecological exposure; Spectroscopy; Imaging spectroscopy