The Author ensures that the research has been conducted responsibly and ethically with adherence to all relevant regulations. read more..
1Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Pakistan
2Department of Environmental Sciences, Allama Iqbal Open University, Pakistan
*Corresponding author:Muzammil Anjum, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Pakistan
Submission: March 17, 2023;Published: April 27, 2023
The countless existence of pharmaceutical pollutants discharged wastewater has been identified as a potential concern for aquatic creatures and humans. Despite the fact that their presence in drinking water has caused significant concern, little is known about their fate and environmental impact. As a result, these contaminants are inexorably pushed into our food chain even at low levels. Pharmaceutical effluents have a both direct and indirect impact on environmental and human health, especially in the vicinity of pharma industrial zones. Therefore, it is important to remove pharmaceutical pollutants from wastewater before final discharge in the environment. Among various treatment, photocatalysis has been widely regarded and gained popularity in recent years as a potential technology for removal of variety of environmental contaminants. The present mini review mainly focused on the feasibility of photocatalysis process for its potential to treat pharmaceutical wastewater. Moreover, the emphasis is given to the solar based (visible light active) photocatalyst such as C3N4 and its composites.
Keywords: Pharmaceutical pollutants; Photocatalysis; Nano-Composites; C3N4; Wastewater
Ph.D in Agriculture from Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University
Research Professor, PhD, Holistic Research Institute
Professor, Chief Doctor, Director of Department of Pediatric Surgery, Associate Director of Department of Surgery, Doctoral Supervisor Tongji hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Senior Research Engineer and Professor, Center for Refining and Petrochemicals, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Fellow of International Agency for Standards and Ratings (IASR), Edith Cowan University, Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute
Chancellor Emeritus / Professor Emeritus of Chemistry and Physics, University of Missouri–St. Louis
Ph.D in Science from the Federal University of Alagoas, UFAL, Brazil
Assistant Professor in College of Architecture, Art and Design
Interim Dean, College of Education and Health Sciences, Director of Biomechanics Laboratory, Sport Science Innovation Program, Bridgewater State University
Professor of numerous training courses in Family Medicine
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Computer Science
Emeritus Professor of Physics, Kadir Has University, Turkey
Wenzhou Medical University, China
Fooyin University, Taiwan
Saglik Bilimleri University, Turkey
Vincent Pol University, Poland
National Defence University of Malaysia, Malaysia
Dogus University, Turkey
Hope College, USA
Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
Southern Cross University, Australia
Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
City University of New York, USA
Khalifa University of Science & Technology, United Arab Emirates
Hebei Normal University, China
Alexandria University, Egypt
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
Council for Agriculture Research and Analysis of Agri Economy (CREA), Italy
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia
King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
University of Oregon, USA
University of Edinburgh, Scotland
University of Tennessee, USA
Central University of Venezuela, Venezuela
Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Iran
Tourin University, Italy
Teaching & Public Speaking, Spain
Paeditric Hospital "Giovanni XXIII", Italy
University of Nicosia, Cyprus
Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Spain
Oral Roberts University, USA
Beijing Normal University, China
Howard University, USA
Edith Cowan University, Australia
Dubai Health Authority, UAE
University of Minnesota, USA
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
Serhal Hospital, Lebanon
University of Malta, Malta
National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Japan
Molloy College, USA
Federal University of Piauí, Brazil
Krankenhaus Nordwest Hospital, Germany
Laval University, Canada
Cinvestav-Unidad Saltillo, Mexico
UPMC Hamot Neuroscience Institute, USA
Ramon Llull University, Spain
White Bear Associates, LLC, USA
Lehigh University, USA
California Southern University, USA
Institute of Solid State Physics of RAS, Russia
University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
Mansoura University, Egypt
King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
University of Coimbra, Portugal