Crimson Publishers Publish With Us Reprints e-Books Video articles

Full Text

Research & Investigations in Sports Medicine

Hormetins: “The Dose Alone Makes the Poison” Thus “The Thing What Does Not Kill Us, Makes Us Stronger”

Ceren Gezer*

Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Turkey

*Corresponding author: Ceren Gezer, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Turkey

Submission: November 05, 2018;Published: November 14, 2018

DOI: 10.31031/RISM.2018.04.000587

ISSN 2577-1914
Volume4 Issue3

Editorial

Hormesis is “chemical and environmental factors having a beneficial effect to cells in an organism at low doses, whereas they are damaging at high doses”. The factors that trigger stress response pathways hormetically called as hormetin. Hormetins can be classified as physical hormetins (exercise, thermal shock and irrigation), psychological hormetins (mental interrogation and focusing), biological and nutritional hormetins (infections, nutrients, energy restriction) [1-4]. At molecular level stress response in mammalian cells can be classified as heat shock response, unfolded protein response, autophagic response, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair response, antioxidant response, sirtuin response and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inflammatory response. Hormetins trigger these pathways thus strength the cell. According to this, body can improve its defensive system and retarding age-related chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. It has been known that physical activity decreased the age-related chronic diseases risks and increased lifespan. This can be exemplified by hormetic perspective as mild level of physical activity trigger stress response pathways in cells and strenght the body toward chronic diseases [4-8]. In other words, we expose our body to stress by physical activity as a mild stress factor. Some nutrients, phytochemicals and energy restriction also can work as hormetins. They trigger stresss response pathways in mild doses and strength the body while high doses are toxic. To conclude, principle of hormesis and hormetins can be defined as “the dose alone makes the poison” thus “the thing what does not kill us, makes us stronger” according to Paracelcius and Fredrich Nietzche words, respectively.

References

  1. Calabrese V, Cornelius C, Trovato-Salinaro A, Cambria MT, Locasio MS, et al. (2010) The hormetic role of dietary antioxidants in free radicalrelated diseases. Curr Pharm Des 16(7): 877-883.
  2. Demirovic D, Rattan SIS (2013) Establishing cellular stress response profiles as biomarkers of homeodynamics, health and hormesis. Exp Gerontol 48(1): 98-98.
  3. Mattson MP (2008) Hormesis defined. Ageing Res Rev 7(1): 1-7.
  4. Mattson MP, Calabrese EJ (2010) Hormesis: What it is and why it matters? In: Mattson MP, Calabrese EJ, (Eds.), Hormesis a revolution in biology, toxicology and medicine. (1st edn), Humana Press, New York, USA.
  5. Rattan SIS (2012) Biogerontology: from here to where? The lord cohen medal lecture-2011. Biogerontology 13(1): 83-91.
  6. Rattan SIS (2012) Rationale and methods of discovering hormetins as drugs for healthy ageing. Expert Opin Drug Discov 7(5): 439-448.
  7. Rattan SIS (2008) Hormesis in ageing. Ageing Res Rev 7(1): 63-78.
  8. Son TG, Camandola S, Mattson MP (2008) Hormetic dietary phytochemicals. Neuromolecular Med 10(4): 236-246.

© 2018 Ceren Gezer . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially.