The «System 3 + 3» in a Problem of Searching of a New Paradigm in Psychiatry

In the conditions of the informational revolution which is taking place now in the world, the problem of mental diseases gains prime value. And business even not that load of mentality of people with introduction of new informational technologies and attempts of impact on mentality for strengthening of ability to perception of information amplified. The matter is that we need to reconsider in general the relation to a substance of information per se. Without pressing deeply in philosophical aspects of this problem, in relation to psychiatry it is possible to tell that it must replace the paradigm. Need of it is shown in many scientific publications lighting a condition of the modern psychiatry.

Unfortunately, achievements of the modern science in this area very modest -still it was not succeeded to coordinate pathos-psychological effects to organic violations in a brain. The simple fact is the main reason of it that still there are no objective methods of researches of neurotic and glial network of a brain (NGSB) which data would correlate with clinic of mental diseases [1].

Therefore, still the psychiatry and psychology remain syndrome‐ based sciences, despite attempts to present methods of testing and creation of expert rating scales as methods of dimensions approach to diagnostics of mental diseases. The World Psychiatry [2] magazine outlined this problem as need of searching of the new paradigm which is the cornerstone of ideas of how the brain works.

It is naive to assume that some research technique, without comparison to other methods and a clinical picture, can apply for a role of a marker of a mental disease. However, creation of such research is capable to lay the foundation in the theory of ideas of interrelation between psychopathology and violations in NGSB.

Within the last decade attempts of creation of such research based on long ago known method - an electroencephalography (EEG) [3,4], the brain which is traditionally considered as a nonspecific method of assessment of activity were made. The problem of an EEG was that only existence of epileptiform elements was recognized pathognomonic pathology of epilepsy. Other elements of a range of an EEG did not show such properties, differing in so big variability that it did not allow to create the system of normative indexes. Only the alpha-rhythm of the EEG spectrum showed a certain regularity in changing its frequency in the ontogenetic development of the organism and in psychopathology [3].

Based on these properties an alpha of a rhythm the new research technique of dispersion of its amplitude-frequency characteristics (DAFCAR) was created. Idea that the deviation of distribution of an alpha rhythm on its frequency in a range from normal and an exit of its modal value for limits of norm is a marker of violation of the functional capacity of NGSGM became the main idea of this concept. Modal value of frequency of an alpha rhythm it is that frequency with which the power of a range is maximal (on graphics of a range it is the frequency corresponding to the maximal peak). At inspection of 2235 patients it was established that the relation of the maximal power of an alpha rhythm to cooperative power in the range of 7-13Hz (Kda1) can be an indicator of a disintegration of an alpha rhythm and correlates about severity of organic damage of a brain (Figure 1) [4].

If in a graphic look to imagine value distribution CDα1 on the surface of a brain and to develop them on representation of frequencies of a range of an alpha rhythm, then we will receive a dispersion cartogram of DAFCAR [5] Figure 2.

Figure 1:Calculation of CDα2 and CDα1i values for each assignment for each value of frequency of an alpha rhythm: CDα1 - the relation of the maximal power (with a modal frequency) an alpha rhythm (the central modal value) to its cooperative power in this assignment in the range of 7-13Hz; CDα2 - the alpha rhythm power relation in an interval “the frequency of modal power of ±0,5Hz” to cooperative power in this assignment.

Figure 2:The average dispersion index in normal (top -left hemisphere, bottom -right hemisphere).

Mathematical expression of distribution CDα1 in each assignment are the DAFCAR indexes which are coefficients of a normal distribution-an excess (IIDA and IIG) and asymmetry (ADA and AH) [6]. About the help of a technique of DAFCAR correlative researches of compliance of indexes of DAFCAR in various psychopathology are conducted. The contingent of patients with mental diseases studied by means of the DAFCAR method Table 1. Distribution on an age of the contingent of the patients with mental diseases studied by means of the DAFCAR method Table 2.

The following regularities are revealed:

A. Increase of degree of expressiveness of psychopathology is directly bound to decrease in frequency of an alpha rhythm-common or regional.

B. Emergence of psychopathology at the common or local deviation of distribution Kda1 was observed from normal (an alpha rhythm disintegration) even if the modal value of an alpha rhythm was normal.

C. Variety of combinations of the violations reflected by dispersion cartograms and the DAFCAR indexes allow to establish statistical probability of category of a mental disease at surveyed.

Dependence of degree of expressiveness of psychopathology on decrease in the DAFCAR index it is presented in Figure 3. Summary ideas of correlation the patopsikhologicheskikh of phenomena and indexes of DAFCAR are presented in Table 3.

Private results on separate are presented to categories of psychopathology in the published articles [7-13].

Why the representations which are the cornerstone of a new paradigm of psychiatry and psychology are called “system 3+3”? The main thing in it are 3 main actions which are the cornerstone of the informational exchange which is the cornerstone of mentality of the person. Based on a regularity of interaction of these principles 3 criteria of a mental condition of the person are created.

Table 1:The contingent of patients with mental diseases studied by means of the DAFCAR method.

Table 2:Distribution on an age of the contingent of the patients with mental diseases studied by means of the DAFCAR method.

Figure 3:Axis of dementia” of the matching indexes, DAFCAR and distribution of some of the major forms of mental illness.

Informational bases of formation of mentality of the person

1. Process of afferent synthesis of the entering information-internalization of information

2. Creation based on afferent synthesis of system of semantic images of an environmental real

3. Formation based on the system of semantic images of socially acceptable behavior models in the form of the efferent answer

Table 3:Compliance of the DAFCAR parameters of expressiveness pathopsychological phenomena.

Main criteria of a mental condition of the person

A. The normal state of mentality-based on reference afferent synthesis is created the system of semantic images of an environmental real, congruent for this look, based on which socially acceptable behavior models of an individual are created.

B. The psychopathology-violation of normal process of afferent synthesis, in result of what is created pathological polysynaptic of images of an environmental real based on which socially unacceptable behavior models of an individual are formed.

C. A marker of process of violation of afferent synthesis is the degree of an entropy of NGSB, which is shown in DAFCAR. What can give us broad application of the DAFCAR method, naturally, after versatile clinical check.

1. Change of fundamental ideas of an essence of informational process in a brain and development of a fractal neurophysiology

2. Obtaining the objective data explaining a genesis of behavioral features of the person

3. Early diagnostics of level of neurophysiological maturing of a brain at children for early correction of deviations in this process and developments of optimum tactics of biotic strategy of patients

4. Monitoring during development of new “physiologic” methods of correction of violations in NGSB

5. Early diagnostics of probability of deviant behavior in population for early prophylaxis of illegal violent acts

6. Screening among the contingent of applicants for work in the conditions of high public risk (pilots, dispatching service, drivers of public motor transport, military personnel, employees of law enforcement agencies)

7. Early diagnosis of mental diseases and behavioral violations; dynamic control of pathological process and the carried- out therapy; objective control of development of new methods of treatment of psychopathological violations.

It is thought that it is necessary to pass from condolences to the victims of people with inadequate behavior to the fissile objective identification of psychopathology into population populations for prophylaxis of similar incidents. The technique of DAFCAR is rather simple and does not demand the long-lived preparation for assessment of results therefore it can be easily applied in screening inspections.

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